The solar-to-hydrogen conversion using the photoelectrochemical(PEC)method is a practical approach to producing clean energy.However,it relies on the availability of photocatalyst materials.In this work,a novel photoc...The solar-to-hydrogen conversion using the photoelectrochemical(PEC)method is a practical approach to producing clean energy.However,it relies on the availability of photocatalyst materials.In this work,a novel photocatalyst comprising molybdenum telluride quantum dots(MoTe_(2) QDs)-modified titanium dioxide nanorods(TiO_(2) NRs)was prepared for the enhancement of the PEC water splitting performance after combination with a Al_(2)O_(3) layer using the atomic layer deposition(ALD)technique.MoTe_(2) QDs were initially prepared,and then they were loaded onto TiO_(2) NRs using a warm water bath-based heating method.After a layer of Al_(2)O_(3) was deposited onto resulted TiO_(2) NRs/MoTe_(2) QDs,the composite TiO_(2) NRs/MoTe_(2) QDs/Al_(2)O_(3) was finally obtained.Under simulated sunlight(100 mW·cm^(-2)),such a composite exhibited a maximum photocurrent density of 2.25 mA·cm^(-2) at 1.23 V(versus RHE)and an incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of 69.88%at 380 nm,which are 4.33 and 6.66 times those of pure TiO_(2) NRs,respectively.Therefore,the composite photocatalyst fabricated in this work may have promising application in the field of PEC water splitting,solarcells andotherphotocatalyticdevices.展开更多
Ultra-low friction is crucial for the anti-friction,anti-wear,and long-life operation of nanodevices.However,very few two-dimensional materials can achieve ultra-low friction,and they have some limitations in their ap...Ultra-low friction is crucial for the anti-friction,anti-wear,and long-life operation of nanodevices.However,very few two-dimensional materials can achieve ultra-low friction,and they have some limitations in their applications.Therefore,exploring novel materials with ultra-low friction properties is greatly significant.The emergence of ternary two-dimensional materials has opened new opportunities for nanoscale ultra-low friction.This study introduced nickel phosphorous trisulfide(NiPS3,referred to as NPS),a novel two-dimensional ternary material capable of achieving ultralow friction in a vacuum,into the large nanotribology family.Large-size and high-quality NPS crystals with up to 14 mm×6 mm×0.3 mm dimensions were grown using the chemical vapor transport method.The NPS nanosheets were obtained using mechanical exfoliation.The dependence of the NPS nanotribology on layer,velocity,and angle was systematically investigated using lateral force microscopy.Interestingly,the coefficient of friction(COF)of NPS with multilayers was decreased to about 0.0045 under 0.005 Pa vacuum condition(with load up to 767.8 nN),achieving the ultra-low friction state.The analysis of the frictional dissipation energy and adhesive forces showed that NPS with multilayers had minimum frictional dissipation energy and adhesive forces since the interlayer interactions were weak and the meniscus force was excluded under vacuum conditions.This study on the nanoscale friction of a ternary two-dimensional material lays a foundation for exploring the nanoscale friction and friction origin of other two-dimensional materials in the future.展开更多
The stable operation of friction pairs is one of the most critical factors to maintain the stable operation of mechanical equipment.The real-time monitoring of lubrication state of the friction pair is very important ...The stable operation of friction pairs is one of the most critical factors to maintain the stable operation of mechanical equipment.The real-time monitoring of lubrication state of the friction pair is very important to ensure the normal operation of machinery and realize early warning of wear failure,but it is also a big challenge.In this article,a new lubrication insitu monitoring system is designed,which can monitor the lubrication and wear state of friction pairs through triboelectrification.The current acquisition module and friction coefficient acquisition module are integrated into a high vacuum hydrodynamic oil film thickness measuring instrument to explore the intrinsic relationship between triboelectricity and friction coefficient curves.When severe wear occurs,the oil film at the interface of the friction pair is no longer complete,and the accumulated triboelectric charge at the interface of the friction pair breaks down the air and causes discharge,the friction current suddenly increases from nanoampere level to microampere level.The time node when discharge occurs at the steel ball interface is well consistent with the time node when the friction pair suffers serious wear.According to the corresponding relationship between the triboelectric current and the friction and wear status of the friction pair,an early wear warning monitoring system is designed to monitor the operating status of the friction pair in real time through triboelectric signals.When the mechanical friction pair is worn,the early warning system will send out sound and light alarm signals and send real-time warnings to the mobile terminal through the Internet of Things,providing a new and reliable method for real-time monitoring of friction and wear of grease-lubricated machinery.展开更多
Polyaniline nanofibers （PANI NFs） are introduced to construct a wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerator （TENG） as a new power source for self-powered cathodic protection. PANI NFs serve as a friction layer to gene...Polyaniline nanofibers （PANI NFs） are introduced to construct a wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerator （TENG） as a new power source for self-powered cathodic protection. PANI NFs serve as a friction layer to generate charges by harvesting wind energy as well as a conducting layer to transfer charges in TENG. A PANI NFs-based TENG exhibits a high output performance with a maximum output voltage of 375 V, short current circuit of 248 μA, and corresponding power of 14.5 mW under a wind speed of 15 m/s. Additionally, a self-powered anticorrosion system is constructed by using a PANI-based TENG as the power source. The immersion experiment and electrochemical measurements demonstrate that carbon steel coupled with the wind-driven TENG is effectively protected with an evident open circuit potential drop and negative shift in the corrosion potential. The smart self-powered device is promising in terms of applications to protect metals from corrosion by utilizing wind energy in ambient conditions.展开更多
Superlubricating materials can greatly reduce the energy consumed and economic losses by unnecessary friction.However,a long pre-running-in period is indispensable for achieving superlubricity;this leads to severe wea...Superlubricating materials can greatly reduce the energy consumed and economic losses by unnecessary friction.However,a long pre-running-in period is indispensable for achieving superlubricity;this leads to severe wear on the surface of friction pairs and has become one of the important factors in the wear of superlubricating materials.In this study,a polyethylene glycol-tannic acid complex green liquid lubricant(PEG10000-TA)was designed to achieve macroscale superlubricity with an ultrashort running-in period of 9 s under a contact pressure of up to 410 MPa,and the wear rate was only 1.19×10^(–8)mm^(3)·N^(−1)·m^(−1).This is the shortest running-in time required to achieve superlubricity in Si_(3)N_(4)/glass(SiO_(2)).The results show that the strong hydrogen bonds between PEG and TA molecules can significantly reduce the time required for the tribochemical reaction,allowing the lubricating material to reach the state of superlubrication rapidly.Furthermore,the strong hydrogen bond can share a large load while fixing free water molecules in the contact zone to reduce shear interaction.These findings will help advance the use of liquid superlubricity technology in industrial and biomedical.展开更多
Design and preparation of organic materials having the ability to automatically restore their mechanical and physical properties are of great importance because of the extensive application ranging from aerospace comp...Design and preparation of organic materials having the ability to automatically restore their mechanical and physical properties are of great importance because of the extensive application ranging from aerospace components to microcircuitry, where the accessibility is highly limited and the reparability of materials is lower. The self-healing behavior is actually a dy- namic property of material, resembling what is possessed by nature living systems. Therefore, fabrication of most self-healing materials is actually inspired by nature. This tutorial review focuses on the basic chemical mechanisms that have been suc- cessfully adopted in designing self-healing organic materials. It specially covers recent development in the design of materials with durable, easy repairable or self-healing superhydrophobic surfaces and coatings.展开更多
Despite one-dimensional （1D） semiconductor nanostructure arrays attracting increasing attention due to their many advantages, highly ordered TiO2 nanorod arrays （TiO2 NR） are rarely grown in situ on Ti substrates....Despite one-dimensional （1D） semiconductor nanostructure arrays attracting increasing attention due to their many advantages, highly ordered TiO2 nanorod arrays （TiO2 NR） are rarely grown in situ on Ti substrates. Herein, a feasible method to fabricate TiO2 NRs on Ti substrates by using a through-mask anodization process is reported. Self-ordered anodic aluminum oxide （AAO） overlaid on Ti substrate was used as a nanotemplate to induce the growth of TiO2 NRs. The NR length and diameter could be controlled by adjusting anodization parameters such as electrochemical anodization voltage, anodization time and temperature, and electrolyte composition. Furthermore, according to the proposed NR formation mechanism, the anodized Ti ions migrate and deposit in the AAO nanochannels to form Ti（OH）4 or amorphous TiO2 NRs under electric field, owing to the confinement effect of the template. Photoelectrochemical tests indicated that, after hydrogenation, the TiO2 NRs presented higher photocurrent density under simulated sunlight and visible light illuminations, suggesting their potential use in photoelectrochemical water splitting, photocatalysis, solar cells, and sensors.展开更多
Two-dimensional compounds combining group IV A element and group V A element were determined to integrate the advantages of the two groups.As a typical 2D group IV–V material,SiP has been widely used in photodetectio...Two-dimensional compounds combining group IV A element and group V A element were determined to integrate the advantages of the two groups.As a typical 2D group IV–V material,SiP has been widely used in photodetection and photocatalysis due to its high carrier mobility,appropriate bandgap,high thermal stability,and low interlayer cleavage energy.However,its adhesion and friction properties have not been extensively grasped.Here,large-size and high-quality SiP crystals were obtained by using the flux method.SiP nanosheets were prepared by using mechanical exfoliation.The layer-dependent and velocity-dependent nanotribological properties of SiP nanosheets were systematically investigated.The results indicate the friction force of SiP nanosheets decreases with the increase in layer number and reaches saturation after five layers.The coefficient of friction of multilayer SiP is 0.018.The mean friction force,frictional vibrations,and the friction strengthening effect can be affected by sliding velocity.Specially,the mean friction force increases with the logarithm of sliding velocity at nm/s scale,which is dominated by atomic stick-slip.The influence of frequency on frictional vibration is greater than speed due to the different influences on the change in contact quality.The friction strengthening saturation distance increases with the increase in speed for thick SiP nanosheets.These results provide an approach for manipulating the nanofriction properties of SiP and serve as a theoretical basis for the application of SiP in solid lubrication and microelectromechanical systems.展开更多
As a novel energy-harvesting device,a triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)can harvest almost all mechanical energy and transform it into electrical energy,but its output is low.Although the micro-nano structures of tribo...As a novel energy-harvesting device,a triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)can harvest almost all mechanical energy and transform it into electrical energy,but its output is low.Although the micro-nano structures of triboelectrode surfaces can improve their output efficiency,they lead to high costs and are not suitable for large-scale applications.To address this problem,we developed a novel TENG coating with charge-storage properties.In this study,we modified an acrylic resin,a friction material,with nano-BaTiO_(3) particles and gas phase fluorination.The charge-trapping ability of nanoparticles was used to improve the output of TENG.The short-circuit current and the output voltage of coating-based TENGs featuring charge storage and electrification reached 15μA and 800 V,respectively,without decay for longtime working.On this basis,self-powered anticorrosion and antifouling systems are designed to reduce the open circuit potential of A3 steel by 510 mV and reduce the adhesion rate of algae on the surface of metal materials.This study presents a high-output,stable,coating-based TENG with potential in practical applications for anticorrosion and antifouling.展开更多
With the continuous development of artificial intelligence,the demand for sensors with simple preparation and strong concealment continues to increase.However,most of the high-sensitivity sensors have complex manufact...With the continuous development of artificial intelligence,the demand for sensors with simple preparation and strong concealment continues to increase.However,most of the high-sensitivity sensors have complex manufacturing methods,high costs,and single functions.In this paper,a sensitive motion sensor based on the triboelectric interaction between a living plant and the human body was designed to detect the real-time movements of human beings and provide danger warning.A certain relationship exists between the triboelectric signal and the distance between the plant and the human body,with effective signals being detected in the range of 1.8 m.In addition,the triboelectric signal generated by each person is unique like a fingerprint,which can be used for biometrics.On the basis of the triboelectric signal,a wireless character entry warning system is designed.This sensor can not only send out a wireless warning signal at a specific distance but also allow one to receive the warning information synchronously on a mobile phone in real time.The wireless movement sensor receives signals through a living plant,and it has the characteristics of convenient use,strong concealment,and shielding difficulty.This sensor has the potential to be widely used in person recognition,danger warning,and motion monitoring.展开更多
Water-solid triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs),as new energy collection devices,have attracted increasing attention in ocean energy harvesting and selfpowered sensing.Polyacrylic acid(PAA)coating,usually used on the ...Water-solid triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs),as new energy collection devices,have attracted increasing attention in ocean energy harvesting and selfpowered sensing.Polyacrylic acid(PAA)coating,usually used on the surface of marine equipment,has the property of anti-aging and anti-wear but limits triboelectrical output when used with TENGs.In this paper,polyacrylic acid coating was modified with fluorinated polyacrylate resin(F-PAA)to increase its triboelectrical output,by 6 times,and also to increase its anti-corrosion property.In addition,the corrosion resistance property can be further enhanced by cathodic protection using the electrical output generated by the water-flow triboelectrical energy transfer process.Given their easy fabrication,water-flow energy harvesting,and corrosion resistance,PAA/F-PAA coating-based TENGs have promising applications in river and ocean energy collection and corrosion protection.展开更多
Adsorption of drug powder is caused by triboelectrification on the surface of starch capsule during filling process.Furthermore,high wear rate and poor water lubricity also hinder the further practical applications of...Adsorption of drug powder is caused by triboelectrification on the surface of starch capsule during filling process.Furthermore,high wear rate and poor water lubricity also hinder the further practical applications of traditional starch capsule.To solve these problems,a glycerol-modified starch capsule with perfect anti-triboelec-trification and enhanced lubrication performance was fabricated.Hydrogen bond between glycerol and starch molecules could reduce the bound water content on the capsule surface and thus realizes anti-triboelectrification.By adding glycerol,a three-tier structure composed of starch-glycerol-water is formed through hydrogen bonding on the surface of the starch film,which has been proven to be favorable for lubrication performance.When 5% glycerol is added,the short-circuit current(I_(sc))of starch-based triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)is reduced by 86%,and the wear volume of the starch film is reduced by 89%.Underwater lubrication condition,the lubrication performance of the starch-glycerol film can reach the super lubricated level with a friction coefficient of about 0.005.This work provides a new route to obtain modified starch capsules with improved anti-triboelectrification property,reduced wear rate and superlubricity property.展开更多
Triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)based on triboelectrification has attracted wide attention due to its effective utilization of green energy sources such as marine energy.However,researches about liquid-liquid triboel...Triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)based on triboelectrification has attracted wide attention due to its effective utilization of green energy sources such as marine energy.However,researches about liquid-liquid triboelectrification are still scanty as solid-liquid triboelectrification has been widely studied.Herein,this work focuses on the hydrophobic/slippery substrate-water interfacial triboelectrification based on the solid friction materials of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)nanoparticles.The hydrophobic/slippery substrate-water interfacial triboelectrification are studied by assembling PTFE coated Al sheets and perfluoropolyether(PFPE)infused PTFE coated Al sheets(formed the slippery lubricant-infused surfaces(SLIPSs))as the friction electrode,and water as liquid friction materials,respectively.The results show that the hydrophobic TENG output performances improved as the PTFE nanoparticles cumulating,and the SLIPSs TENG output performances increased with the thinner PFPE thickness.Both the triboelectrification behavior of hydrophobic/SLIPSs TENG assembled in this work are dominated by the electron transfer.Thanks to the introduction of SLIPSs,the SLIPSs TENG exhibits superior stability and durability than the hydrophobic TENG.The investigation of hydrophobic/slippery substrate-water interfacial triboelectrification contributes to optimize the TENG performances,and expands the application in harsh environments including low temperature and high humidity on the ocean.展开更多
基金The authors thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52205230 and U21A2046)the Key Research and Development Program in Shandong Province(No.SYS202203)+4 种基金the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(No.TS20190965)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.ZDBS-ZRKJZ-TLCO10)the Western Light Project of CAS(xbzg-zdsys-202118)the Major Science and Technology Projects in Gansu Province(No.22ZD6GA002)the Major Program of the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,CAS(No.ZYFZFX-5)for providing financial support.
文摘The solar-to-hydrogen conversion using the photoelectrochemical(PEC)method is a practical approach to producing clean energy.However,it relies on the availability of photocatalyst materials.In this work,a novel photocatalyst comprising molybdenum telluride quantum dots(MoTe_(2) QDs)-modified titanium dioxide nanorods(TiO_(2) NRs)was prepared for the enhancement of the PEC water splitting performance after combination with a Al_(2)O_(3) layer using the atomic layer deposition(ALD)technique.MoTe_(2) QDs were initially prepared,and then they were loaded onto TiO_(2) NRs using a warm water bath-based heating method.After a layer of Al_(2)O_(3) was deposited onto resulted TiO_(2) NRs/MoTe_(2) QDs,the composite TiO_(2) NRs/MoTe_(2) QDs/Al_(2)O_(3) was finally obtained.Under simulated sunlight(100 mW·cm^(-2)),such a composite exhibited a maximum photocurrent density of 2.25 mA·cm^(-2) at 1.23 V(versus RHE)and an incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of 69.88%at 380 nm,which are 4.33 and 6.66 times those of pure TiO_(2) NRs,respectively.Therefore,the composite photocatalyst fabricated in this work may have promising application in the field of PEC water splitting,solarcells andotherphotocatalyticdevices.
基金the financial support of the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB 0470103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52205230 and 52205233)+6 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ZDBS-ZRKJZ-TLC010)the Western Light Project of CAS(No.xbzg-zdsys-202118)the Major Science and Technology Projects in Gansu Province(No.22ZD6GA002)the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(No.ts20190965)the Key Research and Development Program in Shandong Province(No.SYS202203)the Major Program of the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics(LICP),CAS(No.ZYFZFX-5)the LICP Cooperation Foundation for Young Scholars(No.HZJJ23-7).
文摘Ultra-low friction is crucial for the anti-friction,anti-wear,and long-life operation of nanodevices.However,very few two-dimensional materials can achieve ultra-low friction,and they have some limitations in their applications.Therefore,exploring novel materials with ultra-low friction properties is greatly significant.The emergence of ternary two-dimensional materials has opened new opportunities for nanoscale ultra-low friction.This study introduced nickel phosphorous trisulfide(NiPS3,referred to as NPS),a novel two-dimensional ternary material capable of achieving ultralow friction in a vacuum,into the large nanotribology family.Large-size and high-quality NPS crystals with up to 14 mm×6 mm×0.3 mm dimensions were grown using the chemical vapor transport method.The NPS nanosheets were obtained using mechanical exfoliation.The dependence of the NPS nanotribology on layer,velocity,and angle was systematically investigated using lateral force microscopy.Interestingly,the coefficient of friction(COF)of NPS with multilayers was decreased to about 0.0045 under 0.005 Pa vacuum condition(with load up to 767.8 nN),achieving the ultra-low friction state.The analysis of the frictional dissipation energy and adhesive forces showed that NPS with multilayers had minimum frictional dissipation energy and adhesive forces since the interlayer interactions were weak and the meniscus force was excluded under vacuum conditions.This study on the nanoscale friction of a ternary two-dimensional material lays a foundation for exploring the nanoscale friction and friction origin of other two-dimensional materials in the future.
基金the financial support of the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0470103)the Key Research and Development Program in Shandong Province(No.SYS202203)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52275219,U21A2046,52205230,52205233)the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(No.ts20190965)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ZDBS-ZRKJZ-TLC010)the Western Light Project of CAS(No.xbzg-zdsys-202118)Major Science and Technology Projects in Gansu Province(No.22ZD6GA002)the Major Program of the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,CAS(No.ZYFZFX-5).
文摘The stable operation of friction pairs is one of the most critical factors to maintain the stable operation of mechanical equipment.The real-time monitoring of lubrication state of the friction pair is very important to ensure the normal operation of machinery and realize early warning of wear failure,but it is also a big challenge.In this article,a new lubrication insitu monitoring system is designed,which can monitor the lubrication and wear state of friction pairs through triboelectrification.The current acquisition module and friction coefficient acquisition module are integrated into a high vacuum hydrodynamic oil film thickness measuring instrument to explore the intrinsic relationship between triboelectricity and friction coefficient curves.When severe wear occurs,the oil film at the interface of the friction pair is no longer complete,and the accumulated triboelectric charge at the interface of the friction pair breaks down the air and causes discharge,the friction current suddenly increases from nanoampere level to microampere level.The time node when discharge occurs at the steel ball interface is well consistent with the time node when the friction pair suffers serious wear.According to the corresponding relationship between the triboelectric current and the friction and wear status of the friction pair,an early wear warning monitoring system is designed to monitor the operating status of the friction pair in real time through triboelectric signals.When the mechanical friction pair is worn,the early warning system will send out sound and light alarm signals and send real-time warnings to the mobile terminal through the Internet of Things,providing a new and reliable method for real-time monitoring of friction and wear of grease-lubricated machinery.
基金Thanks for the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 21573259 and 21603242）, the outstanding youth fund of Gansu Province （No. 1606RJDA31） and the ＂Hundred Talents Program＂ of Chinese Academy of Sciences （D. A. W.）.
文摘Polyaniline nanofibers （PANI NFs） are introduced to construct a wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerator （TENG） as a new power source for self-powered cathodic protection. PANI NFs serve as a friction layer to generate charges by harvesting wind energy as well as a conducting layer to transfer charges in TENG. A PANI NFs-based TENG exhibits a high output performance with a maximum output voltage of 375 V, short current circuit of 248 μA, and corresponding power of 14.5 mW under a wind speed of 15 m/s. Additionally, a self-powered anticorrosion system is constructed by using a PANI-based TENG as the power source. The immersion experiment and electrochemical measurements demonstrate that carbon steel coupled with the wind-driven TENG is effectively protected with an evident open circuit potential drop and negative shift in the corrosion potential. The smart self-powered device is promising in terms of applications to protect metals from corrosion by utilizing wind energy in ambient conditions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A2046,51905518)the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(TS20190965)+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFF0304600)the Innovation Leading Talents Program of Qingdao(19-3-2-23-zhc)in Chinathe Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDPB24)the Western Light Project of CAS(xbzg-zdsys-202118)the LICP Cooperation Foundation for Young Scholars(HZJJ21-03)for providing financial support.
文摘Superlubricating materials can greatly reduce the energy consumed and economic losses by unnecessary friction.However,a long pre-running-in period is indispensable for achieving superlubricity;this leads to severe wear on the surface of friction pairs and has become one of the important factors in the wear of superlubricating materials.In this study,a polyethylene glycol-tannic acid complex green liquid lubricant(PEG10000-TA)was designed to achieve macroscale superlubricity with an ultrashort running-in period of 9 s under a contact pressure of up to 410 MPa,and the wear rate was only 1.19×10^(–8)mm^(3)·N^(−1)·m^(−1).This is the shortest running-in time required to achieve superlubricity in Si_(3)N_(4)/glass(SiO_(2)).The results show that the strong hydrogen bonds between PEG and TA molecules can significantly reduce the time required for the tribochemical reaction,allowing the lubricating material to reach the state of superlubrication rapidly.Furthermore,the strong hydrogen bond can share a large load while fixing free water molecules in the contact zone to reduce shear interaction.These findings will help advance the use of liquid superlubricity technology in industrial and biomedical.
基金This research project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （51403220, 51203173, 21434009）.
文摘Design and preparation of organic materials having the ability to automatically restore their mechanical and physical properties are of great importance because of the extensive application ranging from aerospace components to microcircuitry, where the accessibility is highly limited and the reparability of materials is lower. The self-healing behavior is actually a dy- namic property of material, resembling what is possessed by nature living systems. Therefore, fabrication of most self-healing materials is actually inspired by nature. This tutorial review focuses on the basic chemical mechanisms that have been suc- cessfully adopted in designing self-healing organic materials. It specially covers recent development in the design of materials with durable, easy repairable or self-healing superhydrophobic surfaces and coatings.
基金Thanks for the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 21303227, 21573259, and 51403220）, Qingdao science and tech- nology plan application foundation research project（No. 14-2-4-60-JCH） and the ＂Hundred Talents Pro- gram＂ of Chinese Academy of Sciences （D. A. W.）.
文摘Despite one-dimensional （1D） semiconductor nanostructure arrays attracting increasing attention due to their many advantages, highly ordered TiO2 nanorod arrays （TiO2 NR） are rarely grown in situ on Ti substrates. Herein, a feasible method to fabricate TiO2 NRs on Ti substrates by using a through-mask anodization process is reported. Self-ordered anodic aluminum oxide （AAO） overlaid on Ti substrate was used as a nanotemplate to induce the growth of TiO2 NRs. The NR length and diameter could be controlled by adjusting anodization parameters such as electrochemical anodization voltage, anodization time and temperature, and electrolyte composition. Furthermore, according to the proposed NR formation mechanism, the anodized Ti ions migrate and deposit in the AAO nanochannels to form Ti（OH）4 or amorphous TiO2 NRs under electric field, owing to the confinement effect of the template. Photoelectrochemical tests indicated that, after hydrogenation, the TiO2 NRs presented higher photocurrent density under simulated sunlight and visible light illuminations, suggesting their potential use in photoelectrochemical water splitting, photocatalysis, solar cells, and sensors.
基金Thanks for the financial support of the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(No.ts20190965)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFF0304600)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51905518)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDPB24)the Innovation Leading Talents Program of Qingdao(No.19-3-2-23-zhc)in China.
文摘Two-dimensional compounds combining group IV A element and group V A element were determined to integrate the advantages of the two groups.As a typical 2D group IV–V material,SiP has been widely used in photodetection and photocatalysis due to its high carrier mobility,appropriate bandgap,high thermal stability,and low interlayer cleavage energy.However,its adhesion and friction properties have not been extensively grasped.Here,large-size and high-quality SiP crystals were obtained by using the flux method.SiP nanosheets were prepared by using mechanical exfoliation.The layer-dependent and velocity-dependent nanotribological properties of SiP nanosheets were systematically investigated.The results indicate the friction force of SiP nanosheets decreases with the increase in layer number and reaches saturation after five layers.The coefficient of friction of multilayer SiP is 0.018.The mean friction force,frictional vibrations,and the friction strengthening effect can be affected by sliding velocity.Specially,the mean friction force increases with the logarithm of sliding velocity at nm/s scale,which is dominated by atomic stick-slip.The influence of frequency on frictional vibration is greater than speed due to the different influences on the change in contact quality.The friction strengthening saturation distance increases with the increase in speed for thick SiP nanosheets.These results provide an approach for manipulating the nanofriction properties of SiP and serve as a theoretical basis for the application of SiP in solid lubrication and microelectromechanical systems.
基金Thanks for the financial support of the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(Grant No.ts20190965)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U21A2046 and U2106226)+3 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.ZDBS-ZRKJZ-TLCO10)the Western Light Project of CAS(Grant No.xbzg-zdsys-202118)the Major Program of the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,CAS(Grant No.ZYFZFX-5)the Shandong Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.ZR202102230178)in China.
文摘As a novel energy-harvesting device,a triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)can harvest almost all mechanical energy and transform it into electrical energy,but its output is low.Although the micro-nano structures of triboelectrode surfaces can improve their output efficiency,they lead to high costs and are not suitable for large-scale applications.To address this problem,we developed a novel TENG coating with charge-storage properties.In this study,we modified an acrylic resin,a friction material,with nano-BaTiO_(3) particles and gas phase fluorination.The charge-trapping ability of nanoparticles was used to improve the output of TENG.The short-circuit current and the output voltage of coating-based TENGs featuring charge storage and electrification reached 15μA and 800 V,respectively,without decay for longtime working.On this basis,self-powered anticorrosion and antifouling systems are designed to reduce the open circuit potential of A3 steel by 510 mV and reduce the adhesion rate of algae on the surface of metal materials.This study presents a high-output,stable,coating-based TENG with potential in practical applications for anticorrosion and antifouling.
基金support from the NSFC(Nos.51905518,51722510)the Program for Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ts20190965)the Innovation Leading Talents Program of Qingdao(19-3-2-23-zhc)in China。
文摘With the continuous development of artificial intelligence,the demand for sensors with simple preparation and strong concealment continues to increase.However,most of the high-sensitivity sensors have complex manufacturing methods,high costs,and single functions.In this paper,a sensitive motion sensor based on the triboelectric interaction between a living plant and the human body was designed to detect the real-time movements of human beings and provide danger warning.A certain relationship exists between the triboelectric signal and the distance between the plant and the human body,with effective signals being detected in the range of 1.8 m.In addition,the triboelectric signal generated by each person is unique like a fingerprint,which can be used for biometrics.On the basis of the triboelectric signal,a wireless character entry warning system is designed.This sensor can not only send out a wireless warning signal at a specific distance but also allow one to receive the warning information synchronously on a mobile phone in real time.The wireless movement sensor receives signals through a living plant,and it has the characteristics of convenient use,strong concealment,and shielding difficulty.This sensor has the potential to be widely used in person recognition,danger warning,and motion monitoring.
基金the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(No.ts20190965)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFF0304600)+2 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDPB24)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51905518)the Innovation Leading Talents Program of Qingdao(19-3-2-23-zhc)in China.
文摘Water-solid triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs),as new energy collection devices,have attracted increasing attention in ocean energy harvesting and selfpowered sensing.Polyacrylic acid(PAA)coating,usually used on the surface of marine equipment,has the property of anti-aging and anti-wear but limits triboelectrical output when used with TENGs.In this paper,polyacrylic acid coating was modified with fluorinated polyacrylate resin(F-PAA)to increase its triboelectrical output,by 6 times,and also to increase its anti-corrosion property.In addition,the corrosion resistance property can be further enhanced by cathodic protection using the electrical output generated by the water-flow triboelectrical energy transfer process.Given their easy fabrication,water-flow energy harvesting,and corrosion resistance,PAA/F-PAA coating-based TENGs have promising applications in river and ocean energy collection and corrosion protection.
基金financial support of the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(No.ts20190965)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFF0304600)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51905518)the Innovation Leading Talents Program of Qingdao(19-3-2-23-zhc)in China.
文摘Adsorption of drug powder is caused by triboelectrification on the surface of starch capsule during filling process.Furthermore,high wear rate and poor water lubricity also hinder the further practical applications of traditional starch capsule.To solve these problems,a glycerol-modified starch capsule with perfect anti-triboelec-trification and enhanced lubrication performance was fabricated.Hydrogen bond between glycerol and starch molecules could reduce the bound water content on the capsule surface and thus realizes anti-triboelectrification.By adding glycerol,a three-tier structure composed of starch-glycerol-water is formed through hydrogen bonding on the surface of the starch film,which has been proven to be favorable for lubrication performance.When 5% glycerol is added,the short-circuit current(I_(sc))of starch-based triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)is reduced by 86%,and the wear volume of the starch film is reduced by 89%.Underwater lubrication condition,the lubrication performance of the starch-glycerol film can reach the super lubricated level with a friction coefficient of about 0.005.This work provides a new route to obtain modified starch capsules with improved anti-triboelectrification property,reduced wear rate and superlubricity property.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51735013 and 51905520).
文摘Triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)based on triboelectrification has attracted wide attention due to its effective utilization of green energy sources such as marine energy.However,researches about liquid-liquid triboelectrification are still scanty as solid-liquid triboelectrification has been widely studied.Herein,this work focuses on the hydrophobic/slippery substrate-water interfacial triboelectrification based on the solid friction materials of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)nanoparticles.The hydrophobic/slippery substrate-water interfacial triboelectrification are studied by assembling PTFE coated Al sheets and perfluoropolyether(PFPE)infused PTFE coated Al sheets(formed the slippery lubricant-infused surfaces(SLIPSs))as the friction electrode,and water as liquid friction materials,respectively.The results show that the hydrophobic TENG output performances improved as the PTFE nanoparticles cumulating,and the SLIPSs TENG output performances increased with the thinner PFPE thickness.Both the triboelectrification behavior of hydrophobic/SLIPSs TENG assembled in this work are dominated by the electron transfer.Thanks to the introduction of SLIPSs,the SLIPSs TENG exhibits superior stability and durability than the hydrophobic TENG.The investigation of hydrophobic/slippery substrate-water interfacial triboelectrification contributes to optimize the TENG performances,and expands the application in harsh environments including low temperature and high humidity on the ocean.
