The first method is used gene editing to knock out the PD-L1 receptor located on the T cell surface so that PD-1 on the cancer cell surface cannot combine with the PD-L1,in that case,T cell can identify the abnormal c...The first method is used gene editing to knock out the PD-L1 receptor located on the T cell surface so that PD-1 on the cancer cell surface cannot combine with the PD-L1,in that case,T cell can identify the abnormal cell and kill it.At the beginning,researchers use protein-guided editing technology,but it is not easy to control and not specific enough,so they choose to use CRISPR-Cas9 to edit the target gene.Comparing with the traditional protein-guided nucleases,CRISPR-Cas9 system is more easy-handle,highly specific,and it is an more efficient tool for engineering eukaryotic genomes;because CRISPR-Cas9 system aims to edit the targeting genes by tiny RNAs guiding the Cas9 nuclease to the target site by base pairing.The second treatment is mainly used“fighting cancer with cancer”.Because living tumor cells have the ability to home and target tumors,thus,if those living tumor cells can be engineered to secrete therapeutic agents,the tumor cells can be effectively cured.Shah’s team picked the agent interferon-β(IFN-β).However,this idea of treatment is limited by the premature cell death due to autocrine toxicity.The researchers solved this problem by first using CRISPR Cas9 to knock out the IFN-β–specific receptor(IFNAR1)in inherently IFN-β–sensitive syngeneic tumor cells,and subsequently engineered them to constitutively produce IFN-βfor tumor cell targeting and simultaneous immunomodulation.These therapeutic cells are further designed to coexpress granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)that facilitates the differentiation,proliferation,and recruitment of dendritic cells(DCs).The last approach can stop cancer cell repairing their DNA when it gets damaged.展开更多
A minimum geometric power distortionless response beamforming approach against impulsive noise （including all α- stable noise） of unknown statistics is proposed. Due to that definite logarithmic moments require no ...A minimum geometric power distortionless response beamforming approach against impulsive noise （including all α- stable noise） of unknown statistics is proposed. Due to that definite logarithmic moments require no priori knowledge of impulsive noise, this new beamformer substitutes the logarithmic moments for the second-order moments and iteratively minimizes the ＂ge- ometric power＂ of the beamformer.s output snapshots, subjected to a linear constraint. Therefore, the proposed beamformer can provide significantly higher output geometric signal-to-noise-andinterference ratio. Moreover, the optimum weight vector is obtained by using a new iteration process. The simulation results prove that the new method is effective.展开更多
Bedload studies at the particle scale may help grasp the essence of the problem.Existing studies suffer from short filming durations,limited data volume,and a narrow range of sediment transport intensity variations.Th...Bedload studies at the particle scale may help grasp the essence of the problem.Existing studies suffer from short filming durations,limited data volume,and a narrow range of sediment transport intensity variations.This paper employs the high-speed photography technology and conducts experimental studies on bedload particle motion under 8 different sediment transport intensities.Using the latest image processing technology,over 6 million sediment particle coordinate points and nearly 400,000 particle motion trajectory curves were automatically obtained and used to compare the motion characteristics of bedload particles under different sediment transport intensities.The results show that under low sediment transport intensity,both the number of moving particles and particle motion velocity contribute to the bedload sediment transport rate,while under high-intensity conditions,the transport rate mainly depends on the number of moving particles.The probability density distribution of sediment transport rate is concentrated and varies within a small range under low-intensity conditions,exhibiting a tailing phenomenon.In contrast,under high-intensity conditions,the range of sediment transport rate values increases,and the probability density curve tends to be symmetric,more closely approximating a normal distribution.Additionally,the paper compares the longitudinal and transverse motion velocities of particles and the coefficient of variation of the bedload sediment transport rate.展开更多
文摘The first method is used gene editing to knock out the PD-L1 receptor located on the T cell surface so that PD-1 on the cancer cell surface cannot combine with the PD-L1,in that case,T cell can identify the abnormal cell and kill it.At the beginning,researchers use protein-guided editing technology,but it is not easy to control and not specific enough,so they choose to use CRISPR-Cas9 to edit the target gene.Comparing with the traditional protein-guided nucleases,CRISPR-Cas9 system is more easy-handle,highly specific,and it is an more efficient tool for engineering eukaryotic genomes;because CRISPR-Cas9 system aims to edit the targeting genes by tiny RNAs guiding the Cas9 nuclease to the target site by base pairing.The second treatment is mainly used“fighting cancer with cancer”.Because living tumor cells have the ability to home and target tumors,thus,if those living tumor cells can be engineered to secrete therapeutic agents,the tumor cells can be effectively cured.Shah’s team picked the agent interferon-β(IFN-β).However,this idea of treatment is limited by the premature cell death due to autocrine toxicity.The researchers solved this problem by first using CRISPR Cas9 to knock out the IFN-β–specific receptor(IFNAR1)in inherently IFN-β–sensitive syngeneic tumor cells,and subsequently engineered them to constitutively produce IFN-βfor tumor cell targeting and simultaneous immunomodulation.These therapeutic cells are further designed to coexpress granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)that facilitates the differentiation,proliferation,and recruitment of dendritic cells(DCs).The last approach can stop cancer cell repairing their DNA when it gets damaged.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2007AA701403)
文摘A minimum geometric power distortionless response beamforming approach against impulsive noise （including all α- stable noise） of unknown statistics is proposed. Due to that definite logarithmic moments require no priori knowledge of impulsive noise, this new beamformer substitutes the logarithmic moments for the second-order moments and iteratively minimizes the ＂ge- ometric power＂ of the beamformer.s output snapshots, subjected to a linear constraint. Therefore, the proposed beamformer can provide significantly higher output geometric signal-to-noise-andinterference ratio. Moreover, the optimum weight vector is obtained by using a new iteration process. The simulation results prove that the new method is effective.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:12072373,51679260China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Grant/Award Number:SE0145B022021。
文摘Bedload studies at the particle scale may help grasp the essence of the problem.Existing studies suffer from short filming durations,limited data volume,and a narrow range of sediment transport intensity variations.This paper employs the high-speed photography technology and conducts experimental studies on bedload particle motion under 8 different sediment transport intensities.Using the latest image processing technology,over 6 million sediment particle coordinate points and nearly 400,000 particle motion trajectory curves were automatically obtained and used to compare the motion characteristics of bedload particles under different sediment transport intensities.The results show that under low sediment transport intensity,both the number of moving particles and particle motion velocity contribute to the bedload sediment transport rate,while under high-intensity conditions,the transport rate mainly depends on the number of moving particles.The probability density distribution of sediment transport rate is concentrated and varies within a small range under low-intensity conditions,exhibiting a tailing phenomenon.In contrast,under high-intensity conditions,the range of sediment transport rate values increases,and the probability density curve tends to be symmetric,more closely approximating a normal distribution.Additionally,the paper compares the longitudinal and transverse motion velocities of particles and the coefficient of variation of the bedload sediment transport rate.
