In this work, 10 batches of Salvia miltiorrhiza concentrate were prepared and purified with ethanol precipitation process. Dry matter content, pH value, conductivity and water content of the concentrates and supernata...In this work, 10 batches of Salvia miltiorrhiza concentrate were prepared and purified with ethanol precipitation process. Dry matter content, pH value, conductivity and water content of the concentrates and supernatants were all determined. When more ethanol was used in ethanol precipitation, the pH value of the supernatant generally increased, but dry matter content, water content, and the conductivity decreased. Multivariate linear models were built with the most determination coefficient values greater than 0.7. More than 80% of stachyose was removed in the ethanol precipitation process. The removal rate of fructose, raffinose and sucrose were all higher than 30%. When ethanol addition amount increased, the purity of phenolic acids in the supernatant increased, but the retention of lithosperimic acid and salvianolic acid B decreased. The conductivity and pH value of concentrated extract show relatively small influences on ethanol precipitation indices. When fructose, raffinose, or stachyose contents in the concentrated extract were high, the retention rate of phenolic acids tends to be low on most occasions. The purity and retention rate of phenolic acids in the supernatants were also affected by the purity of phenolic acids in the concentrated. The sugar contents in the concentrate are suggested to be monitored in industry because they significantly affect ethanol precipitation process indices.展开更多
Eu^(2+)doped fluorosilicate glass-ceramics containing BaF_(2) nanocrystals have high potential as spectral conversion materials for organic solar cells.However,it is difficult to realize the efficient design of BaF_(2...Eu^(2+)doped fluorosilicate glass-ceramics containing BaF_(2) nanocrystals have high potential as spectral conversion materials for organic solar cells.However,it is difficult to realize the efficient design of BaF_(2):Eu^(2+)doped fluorosilicate glass and to vividly observe the glass microstructure in experiment through traditional trial-and-error glass preparation method.BaF_(2):Eu^(2+)doped fluorosilicate glassceramics with high transparency,and high photoluminescence(PL)performance were predicted,designed and prepared via molecular dynamics(MD)simulation method.By MD simulation prediction,self-organized nanocrystallization was realized to inhibit the abnormal growth of nanocrystals due to[AlO_(4)]tetrahedra formed in the fluoride-oxide interface.The introduction of NaF reduces the effective phonon energy of the glass because Na+will prompt Al^(3+)to migrate from the fluoride phase to the silicate phase and interface.The local environment of Eu^(2+)is optimized by predicting the doping concentration of EuF_(3) and 2 mol%EuF3 is the best concentration in this work.Glass-ceramics sample GC2Eu as spectral conversion layer was successfully applied on organic solar cells to obtain more available visible phonons with a high photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE).This work confirms the guidance of molecular dynamics simulation methods for fluorosilicate glasses design.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?The quadrivalent influenza vaccine(QIV)provides protection against a broader range of influenza strains by including strains of influenza A/H1N1,A/H3N2,B/Yamagata,and B/V...Summary What is already known about this topic?The quadrivalent influenza vaccine(QIV)provides protection against a broader range of influenza strains by including strains of influenza A/H1N1,A/H3N2,B/Yamagata,and B/Victoria.What is added by this report?This study aimed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of administering a single dose compared to two doses of QIV in children,taking into consideration their previous influenza vaccination history.展开更多
Imparting human-like commonsense to machines is a long-term goal in the artificial intelligence community.To achieve this goal,constructing large-scale commonsense knowledge resources is an important step.In recent ye...Imparting human-like commonsense to machines is a long-term goal in the artificial intelligence community.To achieve this goal,constructing large-scale commonsense knowledge resources is an important step.In recent years,due to increasing demand,commonsense knowledge has become a rapidly growing research field,resulting in a surge of new acquisition methods and corresponding resources.These advances have empowered a variety of downstream AI tasks.However,constructing large-scale commonsense knowledge resources remains an ongoing and challenging task.It is still difficult to efficiently collect large-scale,high-quality commonsense knowledge.In this paper,we systematically review recent advances in commonsense knowledge acquisition methods and resources,providing a comprehensive summary of recent research scope,the characteristics of different resources,and unsolved challenges.展开更多
Carbon monoxide is a poisonous and hazardous gas and sensitive sensor devices are needed to prevent humans from being poisoned by this gas. A CO gas sensor has been prepared from WO3 synthesized by a sol-gel method. T...Carbon monoxide is a poisonous and hazardous gas and sensitive sensor devices are needed to prevent humans from being poisoned by this gas. A CO gas sensor has been prepared from WO3 synthesized by a sol-gel method. The sensor chip was prepared by a spin-coating technique which deposited a thin film of WO3 on an alumina substrate. The chip samples were then calcined at 300, 400, 500 or 600 ℃ for 1 h. The sensitivities of the different sensor chips for CO gas were determined by comparing the changes in electrical resistance in the absence and presence of 50 ppm of CO gas at 200 ℃. The WO3 calcined at 500 ℃ had the highest sensitivity. The sensitivity of this sensor was also measured at CO concentrations of 100 ppm and 200 ppm and at operating temperatures of 30 and 100℃. Thermogravimetric analysis of the WO3 calcined at 500 ℃ indicated that this sample had the highest gas adsorption capacity. This preliminary research has shown that WO3 can serve as a CO gas sensor and that is should be further explored and developed.展开更多
The investigation of electronic excited states in single-molecule junctions not only provides platforms to reveal the photophysical and photochemical processes at the molecular level,but also brings opportunities for ...The investigation of electronic excited states in single-molecule junctions not only provides platforms to reveal the photophysical and photochemical processes at the molecular level,but also brings opportunities for the development of single-molecule optoelectronic devices.Understanding the interaction mechanisms between molecules and nanocavities is essential to obtain ondemand properties in devices by artificial design,since molecules in junctions exhibit unique behaviors of excited states benefited from the structures of metallic nanocavities.Here,we review the excitation mechanisms involved in the interplay between molecules and plasmonic nanocavities,and reveal the influence of nanostructures on excited-state properties by demonstrating the differences in excited state decay processes.Furthermore,vibronic transitions of molecules between nanoelectrodes are also discussed,offering a new single-molecule characterization method.Finally,we provide the potential applications and challenges in single-molecule optoelectronic devices and the possible directions in exploring the underlying mechanisms of photophysical and photochemical processes.展开更多
Based on brain-inspired computing frameworks,neuromorphic systems implement large-scale neural networks in hardware.Although rapid advances have been made in the development of artificial neurons and synapses in recen...Based on brain-inspired computing frameworks,neuromorphic systems implement large-scale neural networks in hardware.Although rapid advances have been made in the development of artificial neurons and synapses in recent years,further research is beyond these individual components and focuses on neuronal circuit motifs with specialized excitatory-inhibitory(E-I)connectivity patterns.In this study,we demonstrate a core processor that can be used to construct commonly used neuronal circuits.The neuron,featuring an ultracompact physical configuration,integrates a volatile threshold switch with a gate-modulated two-dimensional(2D)MoS_(2) field-effect channel to process complex E-I spatiotemporal spiking signals.Consequently,basic neuronal circuits are constructed for biorealistic neuromorphic computing.For practical applications,an algorithm-hardware co-design is implemented in a gatecontrolled spiking neural network with substantial performance improvement in human speech separation.展开更多
As a stress hormone existing in the human body,cortisol can reflect the psychological stress and health status in daily life,and is a potential biomarker of the body’s stress response.To effectively collect sweat and...As a stress hormone existing in the human body,cortisol can reflect the psychological stress and health status in daily life,and is a potential biomarker of the body’s stress response.To effectively collect sweat and accurately identify the target,this paper reports a flexible wearable cortisol detection device with outstanding reliability and sensitivity.Molecular imprinted polymer(MIP)ensures cortisol specificity.And carbon nanotubes(CNT)on electrodes increase sensitivity,expanding the detection range to 10^(−3) to 10^(4) nM,with sensitivity at 189.2 nA/lg(nM).In addition,porous chitosan hydrogel(PCSH)collects sweat effectively,its adhesive properties and 80%swelling rate offer a low-cost alternative to microfluidics.Flexible printed circuit board(FPCB)and serpentine electrode(SE)ensure device durability.This non-invasive,highly sensitive device offers a novel method for mental stress monitoring and clinical diagnosis,advancing human physiological state monitoring.展开更多
文摘In this work, 10 batches of Salvia miltiorrhiza concentrate were prepared and purified with ethanol precipitation process. Dry matter content, pH value, conductivity and water content of the concentrates and supernatants were all determined. When more ethanol was used in ethanol precipitation, the pH value of the supernatant generally increased, but dry matter content, water content, and the conductivity decreased. Multivariate linear models were built with the most determination coefficient values greater than 0.7. More than 80% of stachyose was removed in the ethanol precipitation process. The removal rate of fructose, raffinose and sucrose were all higher than 30%. When ethanol addition amount increased, the purity of phenolic acids in the supernatant increased, but the retention of lithosperimic acid and salvianolic acid B decreased. The conductivity and pH value of concentrated extract show relatively small influences on ethanol precipitation indices. When fructose, raffinose, or stachyose contents in the concentrated extract were high, the retention rate of phenolic acids tends to be low on most occasions. The purity and retention rate of phenolic acids in the supernatants were also affected by the purity of phenolic acids in the concentrated. The sugar contents in the concentrate are suggested to be monitored in industry because they significantly affect ethanol precipitation process indices.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172008,51872255)the Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(2021C01174)。
文摘Eu^(2+)doped fluorosilicate glass-ceramics containing BaF_(2) nanocrystals have high potential as spectral conversion materials for organic solar cells.However,it is difficult to realize the efficient design of BaF_(2):Eu^(2+)doped fluorosilicate glass and to vividly observe the glass microstructure in experiment through traditional trial-and-error glass preparation method.BaF_(2):Eu^(2+)doped fluorosilicate glassceramics with high transparency,and high photoluminescence(PL)performance were predicted,designed and prepared via molecular dynamics(MD)simulation method.By MD simulation prediction,self-organized nanocrystallization was realized to inhibit the abnormal growth of nanocrystals due to[AlO_(4)]tetrahedra formed in the fluoride-oxide interface.The introduction of NaF reduces the effective phonon energy of the glass because Na+will prompt Al^(3+)to migrate from the fluoride phase to the silicate phase and interface.The local environment of Eu^(2+)is optimized by predicting the doping concentration of EuF_(3) and 2 mol%EuF3 is the best concentration in this work.Glass-ceramics sample GC2Eu as spectral conversion layer was successfully applied on organic solar cells to obtain more available visible phonons with a high photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE).This work confirms the guidance of molecular dynamics simulation methods for fluorosilicate glasses design.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82222062)the Jiangsu Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(BK20220064).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?The quadrivalent influenza vaccine(QIV)provides protection against a broader range of influenza strains by including strains of influenza A/H1N1,A/H3N2,B/Yamagata,and B/Victoria.What is added by this report?This study aimed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of administering a single dose compared to two doses of QIV in children,taking into consideration their previous influenza vaccination history.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020AAA 0106400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61976211 and 62176257)+1 种基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(No.XDA27020100)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS,China,and Yunnan Provincial Major Science and Technology Special Plan Projects,China(No.202202AD 080004).
文摘Imparting human-like commonsense to machines is a long-term goal in the artificial intelligence community.To achieve this goal,constructing large-scale commonsense knowledge resources is an important step.In recent years,due to increasing demand,commonsense knowledge has become a rapidly growing research field,resulting in a surge of new acquisition methods and corresponding resources.These advances have empowered a variety of downstream AI tasks.However,constructing large-scale commonsense knowledge resources remains an ongoing and challenging task.It is still difficult to efficiently collect large-scale,high-quality commonsense knowledge.In this paper,we systematically review recent advances in commonsense knowledge acquisition methods and resources,providing a comprehensive summary of recent research scope,the characteristics of different resources,and unsolved challenges.
文摘Carbon monoxide is a poisonous and hazardous gas and sensitive sensor devices are needed to prevent humans from being poisoned by this gas. A CO gas sensor has been prepared from WO3 synthesized by a sol-gel method. The sensor chip was prepared by a spin-coating technique which deposited a thin film of WO3 on an alumina substrate. The chip samples were then calcined at 300, 400, 500 or 600 ℃ for 1 h. The sensitivities of the different sensor chips for CO gas were determined by comparing the changes in electrical resistance in the absence and presence of 50 ppm of CO gas at 200 ℃. The WO3 calcined at 500 ℃ had the highest sensitivity. The sensitivity of this sensor was also measured at CO concentrations of 100 ppm and 200 ppm and at operating temperatures of 30 and 100℃. Thermogravimetric analysis of the WO3 calcined at 500 ℃ indicated that this sample had the highest gas adsorption capacity. This preliminary research has shown that WO3 can serve as a CO gas sensor and that is should be further explored and developed.
基金supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (Nos. 22173075, 21933012 and 31871877)the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFA0204902)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos. 20720200068 and 20720190002)the Beijing NationalLaboratory for Molecular Sciences (No. BNLMS202005).
文摘The investigation of electronic excited states in single-molecule junctions not only provides platforms to reveal the photophysical and photochemical processes at the molecular level,but also brings opportunities for the development of single-molecule optoelectronic devices.Understanding the interaction mechanisms between molecules and nanocavities is essential to obtain ondemand properties in devices by artificial design,since molecules in junctions exhibit unique behaviors of excited states benefited from the structures of metallic nanocavities.Here,we review the excitation mechanisms involved in the interplay between molecules and plasmonic nanocavities,and reveal the influence of nanostructures on excited-state properties by demonstrating the differences in excited state decay processes.Furthermore,vibronic transitions of molecules between nanoelectrodes are also discussed,offering a new single-molecule characterization method.Finally,we provide the potential applications and challenges in single-molecule optoelectronic devices and the possible directions in exploring the underlying mechanisms of photophysical and photochemical processes.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:92264106,U22A2076,62090034,DT23F0401,DT23F04008,DT23F04009Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:62204219。
文摘Based on brain-inspired computing frameworks,neuromorphic systems implement large-scale neural networks in hardware.Although rapid advances have been made in the development of artificial neurons and synapses in recent years,further research is beyond these individual components and focuses on neuronal circuit motifs with specialized excitatory-inhibitory(E-I)connectivity patterns.In this study,we demonstrate a core processor that can be used to construct commonly used neuronal circuits.The neuron,featuring an ultracompact physical configuration,integrates a volatile threshold switch with a gate-modulated two-dimensional(2D)MoS_(2) field-effect channel to process complex E-I spatiotemporal spiking signals.Consequently,basic neuronal circuits are constructed for biorealistic neuromorphic computing.For practical applications,an algorithm-hardware co-design is implemented in a gatecontrolled spiking neural network with substantial performance improvement in human speech separation.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2022QF120)Qingdao Postdoctoral Fund(No.QDBSH20230101005)Shandong Province Youth Innovation and Technology Support Plan for Higher Education Institutions(No.2023KJ362).
文摘As a stress hormone existing in the human body,cortisol can reflect the psychological stress and health status in daily life,and is a potential biomarker of the body’s stress response.To effectively collect sweat and accurately identify the target,this paper reports a flexible wearable cortisol detection device with outstanding reliability and sensitivity.Molecular imprinted polymer(MIP)ensures cortisol specificity.And carbon nanotubes(CNT)on electrodes increase sensitivity,expanding the detection range to 10^(−3) to 10^(4) nM,with sensitivity at 189.2 nA/lg(nM).In addition,porous chitosan hydrogel(PCSH)collects sweat effectively,its adhesive properties and 80%swelling rate offer a low-cost alternative to microfluidics.Flexible printed circuit board(FPCB)and serpentine electrode(SE)ensure device durability.This non-invasive,highly sensitive device offers a novel method for mental stress monitoring and clinical diagnosis,advancing human physiological state monitoring.
