High-entropy materials represent a new category of high-performance materials,first proposed in 2004 and extensively investigated by researchers over the past two decades.The definition of high-entropy materials has c...High-entropy materials represent a new category of high-performance materials,first proposed in 2004 and extensively investigated by researchers over the past two decades.The definition of high-entropy materials has continuously evolved.In the last ten years,the discovery of an increasing number of high-entropy materials has led to significant advancements in their utilization in energy storage,electrocatalysis,and related domains,accompanied by a rise in techniques for fabricating high-entropy electrode materials.Recently,the research emphasis has shifted from solely improving the performance of high-entropy materials toward exploring their reaction mechanisms and adopting cleaner preparation approaches.However,the current definition of high-entropy materials remains relatively vague,and the preparation method of high-entropy materials is based on the preparation method of single metal/low-or medium-entropy materials.It should be noted that not all methods applicable to single metal/low-or medium-entropy materials can be directly applied to high-entropy materials.In this review,the definition and development of high-entropy materials are briefly reviewed.Subsequently,the classification of high-entropy electrode materials is presented,followed by a discussion of their applications in energy storage and catalysis from the perspective of synthesis methods.Finally,an evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis methods in the production process of different high-entropy materials is provided,along with a proposal for potential future development directions for high-entropy materials.展开更多
As a bone-confined chronic degenerative disorder,the progression of osteoporosis is characterized by abnormal crosstalk between osteoblasts and osteoclasts,leading to an imbalance of bone remodeling in adults.1 Severa...As a bone-confined chronic degenerative disorder,the progression of osteoporosis is characterized by abnormal crosstalk between osteoblasts and osteoclasts,leading to an imbalance of bone remodeling in adults.1 Several studies reported that arachidonic acid ester 12 lipoxygenase(ALOX12)acts as a regulator in bone genesis by participating in the activation of the peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor(PPARG)pathway through its reaction product.展开更多
Yb^(3+):YAG crystal is one excellent material for developing high-power radiation-balanced lasers(RBLs).An experimental study of the laser cooling performances of YAG crystals with various doping Yb^(3+)concentrations...Yb^(3+):YAG crystal is one excellent material for developing high-power radiation-balanced lasers(RBLs).An experimental study of the laser cooling performances of YAG crystals with various doping Yb^(3+)concentrations,especially for application of RBLs,is reported here.With improved Yb^(3+)doping concentration in YAG crystal,though the resonance absorption coefficient increases,the corresponding external quantum efficiency has been found to decrease with the average fluorescence wavelength being red shifted,which is detrimental to anti-Stokes fluorescence(ASF)cooling.The decrease of the external quantum efficiency can cause the first zero crossing wavelength to red shift,which is not conducive to RBLs.Based on the comprehensive study of the cooling characteristics of the series of Yb^(3+)-doped YAG crystals,the optimal Yb3+doping concentration for ASF cooling has been suggested.展开更多
Human idiopathic hypercalciuria(IH)is the most common cause of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis with perturbed calcium metabolism with increased bone resorption and decreased renal calcium reabsorption,which can be phe...Human idiopathic hypercalciuria(IH)is the most common cause of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis with perturbed calcium metabolism with increased bone resorption and decreased renal calcium reabsorption,which can be phenotype-copied in the genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming(GHS)rat model.We previously demonstrated that high VDR expression plays important roles in the development of hypercalciuria in the GHS rats.However,the underlying mechanism through which VDR impact hypercalciuria development remains to be fully understood.Here,we sought to determine how VDR regulated its target genes that are implicated in calcium homeostasis and potentially hypercalciuria.We found that VDR expression in the GHS rats was elevated in the calcium transporting tissues,as well as in the thymus and prostate,but not in lung,brain,heart,liver and spleen,when compared with control SD rats.Snail expression in the GHS rats was significantly downregulated in kidney,intestine,thymus and testis.Intraperitoneal injection of 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly upregulated the expression of renal calcium sensing receptor(CaSR),intestinal calcium transporters transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6(TRPV6),and VDR in GHS rats,compared with that in control SD rats.ChIP assays revealed that VDR specifically bound to the proximal promoters of target genes,followed by histone H3 hyperacetylation or hypermethylation.Collectively,our results suggest that elevated VDR expressi on may con tribute to the development of hypercalciuria by sensi・tizing VDR target genes to 1,25(OH)2D3 through histone modifications at their promoter regions in a genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming(GHS)rat model.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378431,52004338,51622406,21673298)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2023JJ40210,2022JJ20075)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023RC3259)the Key R&D plan of Hunan Province(2024JK2096)Scientifc Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(23B0699)Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Programme(2023CXQD008).
文摘High-entropy materials represent a new category of high-performance materials,first proposed in 2004 and extensively investigated by researchers over the past two decades.The definition of high-entropy materials has continuously evolved.In the last ten years,the discovery of an increasing number of high-entropy materials has led to significant advancements in their utilization in energy storage,electrocatalysis,and related domains,accompanied by a rise in techniques for fabricating high-entropy electrode materials.Recently,the research emphasis has shifted from solely improving the performance of high-entropy materials toward exploring their reaction mechanisms and adopting cleaner preparation approaches.However,the current definition of high-entropy materials remains relatively vague,and the preparation method of high-entropy materials is based on the preparation method of single metal/low-or medium-entropy materials.It should be noted that not all methods applicable to single metal/low-or medium-entropy materials can be directly applied to high-entropy materials.In this review,the definition and development of high-entropy materials are briefly reviewed.Subsequently,the classification of high-entropy electrode materials is presented,followed by a discussion of their applications in energy storage and catalysis from the perspective of synthesis methods.Finally,an evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis methods in the production process of different high-entropy materials is provided,along with a proposal for potential future development directions for high-entropy materials.
基金supported by grants from the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.YG2019QNA23).
文摘As a bone-confined chronic degenerative disorder,the progression of osteoporosis is characterized by abnormal crosstalk between osteoblasts and osteoclasts,leading to an imbalance of bone remodeling in adults.1 Several studies reported that arachidonic acid ester 12 lipoxygenase(ALOX12)acts as a regulator in bone genesis by participating in the activation of the peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor(PPARG)pathway through its reaction product.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11604100,11834003,61574056,91536218,and 11874151)the Special Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2016T90346)111 Project(No.B12024).B.Zhong thanks L.Z.Deng for helpful discussions.
文摘Yb^(3+):YAG crystal is one excellent material for developing high-power radiation-balanced lasers(RBLs).An experimental study of the laser cooling performances of YAG crystals with various doping Yb^(3+)concentrations,especially for application of RBLs,is reported here.With improved Yb^(3+)doping concentration in YAG crystal,though the resonance absorption coefficient increases,the corresponding external quantum efficiency has been found to decrease with the average fluorescence wavelength being red shifted,which is detrimental to anti-Stokes fluorescence(ASF)cooling.The decrease of the external quantum efficiency can cause the first zero crossing wavelength to red shift,which is not conducive to RBLs.Based on the comprehensive study of the cooling characteristics of the series of Yb^(3+)-doped YAG crystals,the optimal Yb3+doping concentration for ASF cooling has been suggested.
基金The research is supported by the hospitafs own funds(ynlc201721).
文摘Human idiopathic hypercalciuria(IH)is the most common cause of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis with perturbed calcium metabolism with increased bone resorption and decreased renal calcium reabsorption,which can be phenotype-copied in the genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming(GHS)rat model.We previously demonstrated that high VDR expression plays important roles in the development of hypercalciuria in the GHS rats.However,the underlying mechanism through which VDR impact hypercalciuria development remains to be fully understood.Here,we sought to determine how VDR regulated its target genes that are implicated in calcium homeostasis and potentially hypercalciuria.We found that VDR expression in the GHS rats was elevated in the calcium transporting tissues,as well as in the thymus and prostate,but not in lung,brain,heart,liver and spleen,when compared with control SD rats.Snail expression in the GHS rats was significantly downregulated in kidney,intestine,thymus and testis.Intraperitoneal injection of 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly upregulated the expression of renal calcium sensing receptor(CaSR),intestinal calcium transporters transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6(TRPV6),and VDR in GHS rats,compared with that in control SD rats.ChIP assays revealed that VDR specifically bound to the proximal promoters of target genes,followed by histone H3 hyperacetylation or hypermethylation.Collectively,our results suggest that elevated VDR expressi on may con tribute to the development of hypercalciuria by sensi・tizing VDR target genes to 1,25(OH)2D3 through histone modifications at their promoter regions in a genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming(GHS)rat model.
