Insulin resistance is a hallmark of obesity,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases,and leads to many of the abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome. Our understanding of insulin resistance has improved tremendo...Insulin resistance is a hallmark of obesity,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases,and leads to many of the abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome. Our understanding of insulin resistance has improved tremendously over the years,but certain aspects of its estimation still remain elusive to researchers and clinicians.The quantitative assessment of insulin sensitivity is not routinely used during biochemical investigations for diagnostic purposes,but the emerging importance of insulin resistance has led to its wider application research studies.Evaluation of a number of clinical states where insulin sensitivity is compromised calls for assessment of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is increasingly being assessed in various disease conditions where it aids in examining their pathogenesis,etiology and consequences. The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp is the gold standard method for the determination of insulin sensitivity,but is impractical as it is labor-and time-intensive.A number of surrogate indices have therefore been employed to simplify and improve the determination of insulin resistance.The object of this review is to highlight various aspects and methodologies for current and upcoming measures ofinsulin sensitivity/resistance.In-depth knowledge of these markers will help in better understanding and exploitation of the condition.展开更多
The development and deployment of Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage （CCS） technology is a cornerstone of the Norwegian government＇s climate strategy. A number of projects are currently evaluated/planned along the ...The development and deployment of Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage （CCS） technology is a cornerstone of the Norwegian government＇s climate strategy. A number of projects are currently evaluated/planned along the Norwegian West Coast, one at Tjeldbergodden. COe from this project will be utilized in part for enhanced oil recovery in the Halten oil field, in the Norwegian Sea. We study a potential design of such a system. A combined cycle power plant with a gross power output of 832 MW is combined with CO2 capture plant based on a post-combustion capture using amines as a solvent. The captured CO2 is used for enhanced oil recovery （EOR）. We employ a hybrid life-cycle assessment （LCA） method to assess the environmental impacts of the system. The study focuses on the modifications and operations of the platform during EOR. We allocate the impacts connected to the capture of CO2 to electricity production, and the impacts connected to the transport and storage of CO2 to the oil produced. Our study shows a substantial reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions from power production by 80% to 75 g·（kW·h）^-1. It also indicates a reduction of the emissions associated with oil production per unit oil produced, mostly due to the increased oil production. Reductions are especially significant if the additional power demand due to EOR leads to power supply from the land.展开更多
文摘Insulin resistance is a hallmark of obesity,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases,and leads to many of the abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome. Our understanding of insulin resistance has improved tremendously over the years,but certain aspects of its estimation still remain elusive to researchers and clinicians.The quantitative assessment of insulin sensitivity is not routinely used during biochemical investigations for diagnostic purposes,but the emerging importance of insulin resistance has led to its wider application research studies.Evaluation of a number of clinical states where insulin sensitivity is compromised calls for assessment of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is increasingly being assessed in various disease conditions where it aids in examining their pathogenesis,etiology and consequences. The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp is the gold standard method for the determination of insulin sensitivity,but is impractical as it is labor-and time-intensive.A number of surrogate indices have therefore been employed to simplify and improve the determination of insulin resistance.The object of this review is to highlight various aspects and methodologies for current and upcoming measures ofinsulin sensitivity/resistance.In-depth knowledge of these markers will help in better understanding and exploitation of the condition.
文摘The development and deployment of Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage （CCS） technology is a cornerstone of the Norwegian government＇s climate strategy. A number of projects are currently evaluated/planned along the Norwegian West Coast, one at Tjeldbergodden. COe from this project will be utilized in part for enhanced oil recovery in the Halten oil field, in the Norwegian Sea. We study a potential design of such a system. A combined cycle power plant with a gross power output of 832 MW is combined with CO2 capture plant based on a post-combustion capture using amines as a solvent. The captured CO2 is used for enhanced oil recovery （EOR）. We employ a hybrid life-cycle assessment （LCA） method to assess the environmental impacts of the system. The study focuses on the modifications and operations of the platform during EOR. We allocate the impacts connected to the capture of CO2 to electricity production, and the impacts connected to the transport and storage of CO2 to the oil produced. Our study shows a substantial reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions from power production by 80% to 75 g·（kW·h）^-1. It also indicates a reduction of the emissions associated with oil production per unit oil produced, mostly due to the increased oil production. Reductions are especially significant if the additional power demand due to EOR leads to power supply from the land.
