To understand the complex dynamics of neural activity in the brain across various temporal and spatial scales,it is crucial to record intracortical multimodal neural activity by combining electrophysiological recordin...To understand the complex dynamics of neural activity in the brain across various temporal and spatial scales,it is crucial to record intracortical multimodal neural activity by combining electrophysiological recording and calcium imaging techniques.This poses significant constraints on the geometrical,mechanical,and optical properties of the electrodes.Here,transparent flexible graphene–ITO-based neural microelectrodes with small feature sizes are developed and validated for simultaneous electrophysiology recording and calcium imaging in the hippocampus of freely moving mice.A micro-etching technique and an oxygen plasma pre-treating method are introduced to facilitate large-area graphene transfer and establish stable low-impedance contacts between graphene and metals,leading to the batch production of high-quality microelectrodes with interconnect widths of 10μm and recording sites diameters of 20μm.These electrodes exhibit appropriate impedance and sufficient transparency in the field of view,enabling simultaneous recording of intracortical local field potentials and even action potentials along with calcium imaging in freely moving mice.Both types of electrophysiological signals are found to correlate with calcium activity.This proof-of-concept work demonstrates that transparent flexible graphene–ITO-based neural microelectrodes are promising tools for multimodal neuroscience research.展开更多
The indicator system is the foundation and emphasis in the effectiveness evaluation of system of systems(SoS). In the past, indicator systems were founded based on qualitative methods, and every indicator was mainly d...The indicator system is the foundation and emphasis in the effectiveness evaluation of system of systems(SoS). In the past, indicator systems were founded based on qualitative methods, and every indicator was mainly determined by the expert with experience. This paper proposed a brand-new method to construct indicator systems based on the repeated simulation of the scenario space, and calculated by quantitative data. Firstly, the selection of key indicators using the Gini indicator importance measure(IIM)is calculated by random forests(RFs). Then, principal component analysis(PCA) is applied when we use the selected indicators to construct the composite indicator system of SoS. Furthermore,a set of rulesare is developed to verify the practicability of the indicator system such as correlation, robustness, accuracy and convergence. Experiment shows that the algorithm achieves good results for the construction of composite indicators of So S.展开更多
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) within the intermediate zone, specifically at 45°C. Single-stage batch anaerobic digestion system was developed in the lab a...The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) within the intermediate zone, specifically at 45°C. Single-stage batch anaerobic digestion system was developed in the lab and performance was monitored for more than 2 years. The AD system was able to achieve high biogas production with about 62% - 67% methane content. The digester exhibited high acetate accumulation, but sufficient buffering capacity was observed as the pH, alkalinity and volatile fatty acids-to-alkalinity ratio were within recommended values. The system achieved 36.5% reduction of total solids (TS) and 47.8% reduction of volatile solids (VS), which exceeded the required VS destruction efficiency for Class A biosolids. The pathogen counts were less than 1000 MPN/g total solids in the effluent, which also satisfied Class A biosolids requirements. The accumulation of acetate was presumably due to the high temperature which contributed to high hydrolysis rate. Consequently, it produced large amount of toxic salts that combined with the acetate, making them not readily available to be consumed by methanogens. The slower degradation of acetate was observed by the kinetic parameters. Accumulation of acetate contributed to 52% to 71% reduction in acetate degradation process, but was not completely inhibitory. The methanogens existing in the system were mostly thermo-tolerant acetate-utilizing methanogens, and specifically from Methanosarcinaceae species.展开更多
[Objectives] To screen a new wheat variety suitable for planting in southern Shandong Province. [Methods] The DTOPSIS based on entropy weighting was used to comprehensively evaluate 9 traits of 19 wheat varieties plan...[Objectives] To screen a new wheat variety suitable for planting in southern Shandong Province. [Methods] The DTOPSIS based on entropy weighting was used to comprehensively evaluate 9 traits of 19 wheat varieties planted in southern Shandong Province. [Results] The weight of each indicator from low to high was growth period<yield<bulk density<plant height<effective panicle<basic seedling<1 000-grain weight<heading rate<number of grains per panicle. The Ci value of 6 varieties were greater than 0.5, specifically, 0.922 1 for Shannong HH126, 0.868 for DK171, 0.851 5 for Hemai 179, 0.719 6 for Feida 6, 0.696 7 for Jinlai 36 and 0.523 2 for Yannong 301. [Conclusions] The comprehensive traits of these six wheat varieties are good, and they are suitable for planting in southern Shandong Province.展开更多
Objectives:Pigmented wheat has garnered increased attention due to its elevated antioxidant activity.This study aimed to compare the metabolic components and antioxidant properties of purple and white wheat grains.Mat...Objectives:Pigmented wheat has garnered increased attention due to its elevated antioxidant activity.This study aimed to compare the metabolic components and antioxidant properties of purple and white wheat grains.Materials and Methods:Metabolic analysis identified a total of 405 secondary metabolites using three extraction methods:free,acid,and alkali hydrolysis.Results:The results revealed that,compared with white wheat,purple wheat exhibited significantly higher levels of total polyphenols,total flavonoids,and antioxidant activity.Notably,there were substantial variations in 90,80,and 73 secondary metabolites between white and purple wheat under the respective extraction methods.The contents of hispidulin-8-C-(2ʹʹ-O-glucosyl)glucoside,hispidulin-8-C-glucoside,diosmetin6-C-glucoside,and scoparin decreased across all groups,while the contents of peonidin-3-O-glucoside,keracyanin,kuromanin cyanidin-3-Oglucoside,and cyanidin-3-O-(6ʹʹ-O-malonyl)glucoside increased.Conclusions:These findings suggest that pathways associated with anthocyanin,flavone,and flavonol biosynthesis were influenced.Furthermore,each extraction method revealed distinct secondary metabolites.Acid and alkali hydrolysis upregulated 16 and 3 metabolites in purple wheat,and 20 and 3 metabolites in white wheat,respectively.Acid and alkaline hydrolysis also identified indole-3-carboxylic acid,vanillic acid,pyridoxine,and other metabolites with antioxidant and antihypertensive effects in both white and purple wheat.This indicates that acid and alkaline hydrolysis can dissociate a greater variety and quantity of differential metabolites.These findings offer valuable insights for breeders seeking to develop wheat varieties with enhanced functional nutritional value.展开更多
Background Channel electron multiplier(CEM)can be used to measure extremely few charged particles,such as electrons and ions.The CEM is widely used in particle detection,so it is very important to study their performa...Background Channel electron multiplier(CEM)can be used to measure extremely few charged particles,such as electrons and ions.The CEM is widely used in particle detection,so it is very important to study their performance parameters.Purposes Test and analyze the performance parameters of the CEM,such as resistance,gain,and pulse output for a single entrance photoelectron.Methods The heated tantalum filament is used as a stable and adjustable planar electron source to test the performance of the CEM in the analog mode.The performance parameters of the CEM in the pulse counting mode are tested by using the ultraviolet LED to excite the gold photocathode to generate a single photoelectron.Results and conclusions The gain of the CEM in the analog mode can reach more than 106 and the gain in the pulse counting mode can be two orders of magnitude higher.The curved helical channel has a greater advantage than the ordinary straight channel,which is conducive to weakening the ion feedback phenomenon.展开更多
基金support of the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1202303 and 2023YFF1203702)NSFC-Guangdong Joint Fund(U20A6005)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62071447)STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0200100)the Science and Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality(JCYJ20220818101611024).
文摘To understand the complex dynamics of neural activity in the brain across various temporal and spatial scales,it is crucial to record intracortical multimodal neural activity by combining electrophysiological recording and calcium imaging techniques.This poses significant constraints on the geometrical,mechanical,and optical properties of the electrodes.Here,transparent flexible graphene–ITO-based neural microelectrodes with small feature sizes are developed and validated for simultaneous electrophysiology recording and calcium imaging in the hippocampus of freely moving mice.A micro-etching technique and an oxygen plasma pre-treating method are introduced to facilitate large-area graphene transfer and establish stable low-impedance contacts between graphene and metals,leading to the batch production of high-quality microelectrodes with interconnect widths of 10μm and recording sites diameters of 20μm.These electrodes exhibit appropriate impedance and sufficient transparency in the field of view,enabling simultaneous recording of intracortical local field potentials and even action potentials along with calcium imaging in freely moving mice.Both types of electrophysiological signals are found to correlate with calcium activity.This proof-of-concept work demonstrates that transparent flexible graphene–ITO-based neural microelectrodes are promising tools for multimodal neuroscience research.
基金supported by the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1435218)National Natural Science Foundation of China(6140340171401168)
文摘The indicator system is the foundation and emphasis in the effectiveness evaluation of system of systems(SoS). In the past, indicator systems were founded based on qualitative methods, and every indicator was mainly determined by the expert with experience. This paper proposed a brand-new method to construct indicator systems based on the repeated simulation of the scenario space, and calculated by quantitative data. Firstly, the selection of key indicators using the Gini indicator importance measure(IIM)is calculated by random forests(RFs). Then, principal component analysis(PCA) is applied when we use the selected indicators to construct the composite indicator system of SoS. Furthermore,a set of rulesare is developed to verify the practicability of the indicator system such as correlation, robustness, accuracy and convergence. Experiment shows that the algorithm achieves good results for the construction of composite indicators of So S.
文摘The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) within the intermediate zone, specifically at 45°C. Single-stage batch anaerobic digestion system was developed in the lab and performance was monitored for more than 2 years. The AD system was able to achieve high biogas production with about 62% - 67% methane content. The digester exhibited high acetate accumulation, but sufficient buffering capacity was observed as the pH, alkalinity and volatile fatty acids-to-alkalinity ratio were within recommended values. The system achieved 36.5% reduction of total solids (TS) and 47.8% reduction of volatile solids (VS), which exceeded the required VS destruction efficiency for Class A biosolids. The pathogen counts were less than 1000 MPN/g total solids in the effluent, which also satisfied Class A biosolids requirements. The accumulation of acetate was presumably due to the high temperature which contributed to high hydrolysis rate. Consequently, it produced large amount of toxic salts that combined with the acetate, making them not readily available to be consumed by methanogens. The slower degradation of acetate was observed by the kinetic parameters. Accumulation of acetate contributed to 52% to 71% reduction in acetate degradation process, but was not completely inhibitory. The methanogens existing in the system were mostly thermo-tolerant acetate-utilizing methanogens, and specifically from Methanosarcinaceae species.
基金Supported by China National Wheat Industry Technology System"Linyi Comprehensive Test Station"(CARS-3-2-63)Shandong Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System"Linyi Comprehensive Test Station"(SDATT-01-18)。
文摘[Objectives] To screen a new wheat variety suitable for planting in southern Shandong Province. [Methods] The DTOPSIS based on entropy weighting was used to comprehensively evaluate 9 traits of 19 wheat varieties planted in southern Shandong Province. [Results] The weight of each indicator from low to high was growth period<yield<bulk density<plant height<effective panicle<basic seedling<1 000-grain weight<heading rate<number of grains per panicle. The Ci value of 6 varieties were greater than 0.5, specifically, 0.922 1 for Shannong HH126, 0.868 for DK171, 0.851 5 for Hemai 179, 0.719 6 for Feida 6, 0.696 7 for Jinlai 36 and 0.523 2 for Yannong 301. [Conclusions] The comprehensive traits of these six wheat varieties are good, and they are suitable for planting in southern Shandong Province.
基金the Key Research Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(No.2021C02057)the Serving Local Economic Development Project of Shandong(Linyi)Institute of Modern Agriculture,Zhejiang University(No.ZDNY-2021-FWLY01005),China.
文摘Objectives:Pigmented wheat has garnered increased attention due to its elevated antioxidant activity.This study aimed to compare the metabolic components and antioxidant properties of purple and white wheat grains.Materials and Methods:Metabolic analysis identified a total of 405 secondary metabolites using three extraction methods:free,acid,and alkali hydrolysis.Results:The results revealed that,compared with white wheat,purple wheat exhibited significantly higher levels of total polyphenols,total flavonoids,and antioxidant activity.Notably,there were substantial variations in 90,80,and 73 secondary metabolites between white and purple wheat under the respective extraction methods.The contents of hispidulin-8-C-(2ʹʹ-O-glucosyl)glucoside,hispidulin-8-C-glucoside,diosmetin6-C-glucoside,and scoparin decreased across all groups,while the contents of peonidin-3-O-glucoside,keracyanin,kuromanin cyanidin-3-Oglucoside,and cyanidin-3-O-(6ʹʹ-O-malonyl)glucoside increased.Conclusions:These findings suggest that pathways associated with anthocyanin,flavone,and flavonol biosynthesis were influenced.Furthermore,each extraction method revealed distinct secondary metabolites.Acid and alkali hydrolysis upregulated 16 and 3 metabolites in purple wheat,and 20 and 3 metabolites in white wheat,respectively.Acid and alkaline hydrolysis also identified indole-3-carboxylic acid,vanillic acid,pyridoxine,and other metabolites with antioxidant and antihypertensive effects in both white and purple wheat.This indicates that acid and alkaline hydrolysis can dissociate a greater variety and quantity of differential metabolites.These findings offer valuable insights for breeders seeking to develop wheat varieties with enhanced functional nutritional value.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11535014,11975017,and 11675278)the State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics(SKLPDE-ZZ-202215).
文摘Background Channel electron multiplier(CEM)can be used to measure extremely few charged particles,such as electrons and ions.The CEM is widely used in particle detection,so it is very important to study their performance parameters.Purposes Test and analyze the performance parameters of the CEM,such as resistance,gain,and pulse output for a single entrance photoelectron.Methods The heated tantalum filament is used as a stable and adjustable planar electron source to test the performance of the CEM in the analog mode.The performance parameters of the CEM in the pulse counting mode are tested by using the ultraviolet LED to excite the gold photocathode to generate a single photoelectron.Results and conclusions The gain of the CEM in the analog mode can reach more than 106 and the gain in the pulse counting mode can be two orders of magnitude higher.The curved helical channel has a greater advantage than the ordinary straight channel,which is conducive to weakening the ion feedback phenomenon.
