为了解不同蜘蛛所携带的细菌多样性及群落组成的差异,基于16S r RNA基因测序技术,对采自辽宁省沈阳市的5种常见蜘蛛所携带的细菌群落进行了比较。结果表明:5种蜘蛛共注释到34门421科948属细菌。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bact...为了解不同蜘蛛所携带的细菌多样性及群落组成的差异,基于16S r RNA基因测序技术,对采自辽宁省沈阳市的5种常见蜘蛛所携带的细菌群落进行了比较。结果表明:5种蜘蛛共注释到34门421科948属细菌。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是5种蜘蛛共有的核心菌门(>1%),土壤杆菌属(Sediminibacterium)、苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrum)、无氧芽孢杆菌属(Anoxybacillus)、贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus)和溶杆菌属(Lysobacter)是共有的核心菌属(>1%)。多样性分析显示,地表游猎的星豹蛛细菌群落的各α多样性指数均最高。PCA分析结果表明,环境因素对蜘蛛所携带的细菌群落有重要影响。研究结果对进一步了解蜘蛛所携带细菌的多样性、群落结构及其影响因素有参考价值。展开更多
Between 2.6 and 3.8 million veterans served in Vietnam while the US military dispersed Agent Orange(AO),although the exact number of exposed individuals is unknown.Agent Orange,an herbicide,is a known risk factor for ...Between 2.6 and 3.8 million veterans served in Vietnam while the US military dispersed Agent Orange(AO),although the exact number of exposed individuals is unknown.Agent Orange,an herbicide,is a known risk factor for various cancers,including sarcoma and leukemia,but less is known about its link with prostate cancer(PC).Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide.In 2023,approximately 288,300 patients will be given a diagnosis of PC,and an estimated 34,700 fatalities will occur in the United States.However,whether the pathologic characteristics of PC among those exposed to AO differ from those in the general population remains unclear.Our review synthesizes the literature regarding the impact of AO exposure on PC incidence and disease course.A comprehensive PubMed literature search of articles published beginning in 1950 was performed using the primary search terms“Agent Orange,”“TCDD,”and“tetrachlorodibenzodioxin”and the secondary search terms“prostate cancer”or“prostate neoplasm.”The search was limited to studies that focused on human participants and were published in English.Four authors thoroughly reviewed the retrieved articles for relevancy to the study aims:discussion of PC diagnosis,prognosis,or management among patients exposed to AO.Of 108 studies identified in our search,13 were included in this systematic review.Findings within studies concerning AO exposure with relation to PC incidence,age at diagnosis or treatment initiation,and PC severity seemed to be mixed and generally conflicting.However,the literature seems to indicate that there are no significant differences in survivorship between exposed and unexposed veterans who are given a diagnosis of PC.Given these heterogeneous outcomes,the evidence does not encourage a significantly different approach to the diagnosis and management of PC for veterans exposed to AO.Clinicians shouldmake case-by-case decisions regarding PC screening and potential treatment options for this patient group,weighing clinical suspicion against the harms of diagnostic workup and treatment.展开更多
Leptomeningeal metastasis/leptomeningeal carcinomatosis(LMC;terms used interchangeably)is an inflammatory complication of primary tumors that involves the spread of the disease to the meninges(specifically the arachno...Leptomeningeal metastasis/leptomeningeal carcinomatosis(LMC;terms used interchangeably)is an inflammatory complication of primary tumors that involves the spread of the disease to the meninges(specifically the arachnoid and pia maters)and spinal cord.In the United States,approximately 110,000 new cases are diagnosed each year,and the prognosis is usually poor.Complications of LMC include cognitive impairment,cranial nerve dysfunction,ischemic stroke,and mortality.The survival times of untreated and treated LMC are approximately 4–6 weeks and 2–4 months,respectively.Leptomeningeal carcinomatoses are usually metastatic cancers that spread to the central nervous system.Although lung and breast cancers have a clearly defined relationship with LMC,it remains unclear whether prostate cancer(PC)is also directly associated with LMC.To determine whether such association exists,we conducted a PubMed review of the literature on patients with PC with coexisting LMCs.Our search yielded 23 case reports of patients with preexisting PC who developed LMC.In addition,2 retrospective cohort studies were examined.Various findings were identified in the revised cases and studies.The first 3 findings were related to the progression of the disease:patients presenting with neurological disease symptoms were in remission from PC for 7 years on average,LMCs tended to occur after other cancer diagnoses,and the disease had already rapidly progressed by the time the symptoms were present.Regarding diagnosis,the major finding was that most LMCs were detected by magnetic resonance imaging(which does not detect early dissemination),and it was suggested that single-photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography imaging could be used for earlier detection.Finally,in terms of treatment,the main finding was that treatment was palliative rather than curative and that prognosis remained poor despite treatment.On the basis of these results,we recommend for individuals with risk factors,such as high-grade PC and hormonal PC,to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis for increased surveillance of LMC development.展开更多
文摘为了解不同蜘蛛所携带的细菌多样性及群落组成的差异,基于16S r RNA基因测序技术,对采自辽宁省沈阳市的5种常见蜘蛛所携带的细菌群落进行了比较。结果表明:5种蜘蛛共注释到34门421科948属细菌。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是5种蜘蛛共有的核心菌门(>1%),土壤杆菌属(Sediminibacterium)、苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrum)、无氧芽孢杆菌属(Anoxybacillus)、贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus)和溶杆菌属(Lysobacter)是共有的核心菌属(>1%)。多样性分析显示,地表游猎的星豹蛛细菌群落的各α多样性指数均最高。PCA分析结果表明,环境因素对蜘蛛所携带的细菌群落有重要影响。研究结果对进一步了解蜘蛛所携带细菌的多样性、群落结构及其影响因素有参考价值。
文摘Between 2.6 and 3.8 million veterans served in Vietnam while the US military dispersed Agent Orange(AO),although the exact number of exposed individuals is unknown.Agent Orange,an herbicide,is a known risk factor for various cancers,including sarcoma and leukemia,but less is known about its link with prostate cancer(PC).Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide.In 2023,approximately 288,300 patients will be given a diagnosis of PC,and an estimated 34,700 fatalities will occur in the United States.However,whether the pathologic characteristics of PC among those exposed to AO differ from those in the general population remains unclear.Our review synthesizes the literature regarding the impact of AO exposure on PC incidence and disease course.A comprehensive PubMed literature search of articles published beginning in 1950 was performed using the primary search terms“Agent Orange,”“TCDD,”and“tetrachlorodibenzodioxin”and the secondary search terms“prostate cancer”or“prostate neoplasm.”The search was limited to studies that focused on human participants and were published in English.Four authors thoroughly reviewed the retrieved articles for relevancy to the study aims:discussion of PC diagnosis,prognosis,or management among patients exposed to AO.Of 108 studies identified in our search,13 were included in this systematic review.Findings within studies concerning AO exposure with relation to PC incidence,age at diagnosis or treatment initiation,and PC severity seemed to be mixed and generally conflicting.However,the literature seems to indicate that there are no significant differences in survivorship between exposed and unexposed veterans who are given a diagnosis of PC.Given these heterogeneous outcomes,the evidence does not encourage a significantly different approach to the diagnosis and management of PC for veterans exposed to AO.Clinicians shouldmake case-by-case decisions regarding PC screening and potential treatment options for this patient group,weighing clinical suspicion against the harms of diagnostic workup and treatment.
文摘Leptomeningeal metastasis/leptomeningeal carcinomatosis(LMC;terms used interchangeably)is an inflammatory complication of primary tumors that involves the spread of the disease to the meninges(specifically the arachnoid and pia maters)and spinal cord.In the United States,approximately 110,000 new cases are diagnosed each year,and the prognosis is usually poor.Complications of LMC include cognitive impairment,cranial nerve dysfunction,ischemic stroke,and mortality.The survival times of untreated and treated LMC are approximately 4–6 weeks and 2–4 months,respectively.Leptomeningeal carcinomatoses are usually metastatic cancers that spread to the central nervous system.Although lung and breast cancers have a clearly defined relationship with LMC,it remains unclear whether prostate cancer(PC)is also directly associated with LMC.To determine whether such association exists,we conducted a PubMed review of the literature on patients with PC with coexisting LMCs.Our search yielded 23 case reports of patients with preexisting PC who developed LMC.In addition,2 retrospective cohort studies were examined.Various findings were identified in the revised cases and studies.The first 3 findings were related to the progression of the disease:patients presenting with neurological disease symptoms were in remission from PC for 7 years on average,LMCs tended to occur after other cancer diagnoses,and the disease had already rapidly progressed by the time the symptoms were present.Regarding diagnosis,the major finding was that most LMCs were detected by magnetic resonance imaging(which does not detect early dissemination),and it was suggested that single-photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography imaging could be used for earlier detection.Finally,in terms of treatment,the main finding was that treatment was palliative rather than curative and that prognosis remained poor despite treatment.On the basis of these results,we recommend for individuals with risk factors,such as high-grade PC and hormonal PC,to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis for increased surveillance of LMC development.
