Estrogen deficiency is considered the most important cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis.However,the underlying mechanism is still not completely understood.In this study,progranulin(PGRN)was isolated as a key regula...Estrogen deficiency is considered the most important cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis.However,the underlying mechanism is still not completely understood.In this study,progranulin(PGRN)was isolated as a key regulator of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women through high throughput proteomics screening.In addition,PGRN-deficient mice exhibited significantly lower bone mass than their littermates in an ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis model.Furthermore,estrogen-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption as well as its protection against ovariectomy-induced bone loss largely depended on PGRN.Mechanistic studies revealed the existence of a positive feedback regulatory loop between PGRN and estrogen signaling.In addition,loss of PGRN led to the reduction of estrogen receptorα,the important estrogen receptor involved in estrogen regulation of osteoporosis,through enhancing its degradation via K48-linked ubiquitination.These findings not only provide a previously unrecognized interplay between PGRN and estrogen signaling in regulating osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis but may also present a new therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis by targeting PGRN/estrogen receptorα.展开更多
Flexible perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have drawn increasing attention due to their promising applications for wearable electronics and aerospace applications.However,the efficiency and stability of flexible PSCs still ...Flexible perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have drawn increasing attention due to their promising applications for wearable electronics and aerospace applications.However,the efficiency and stability of flexible PSCs still lag behind their rigid counterparts.Here,we use N,N-dimethyl acrylamide(DMAA)to in situ synthesize cross-linking polymer for flexible Sn–Pb mixed PSCs.DMAA can gather at grain boundary as a scaffold to regulate the crystallization of perovskite and reduce defects.The rigid and flexible Sn–Pb mixed PSCs showed efficiencies of 16.44%and 15.44%,respectively.In addition,the flexible Sn–Pb mixed PSCs demonstrated excellent bending durability,which retained over 80%of the original efficiency after 5000 bending cycles at a radius of 5 mm.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from China Scholarship Council(No.201505320002)the National Institutes of Health(No.R01AR062207,R01AR061484,R01AR076900,R01NS103931)+3 种基金Young Medical Talents Program of Jiangsu Province,China(No.QNRC2016878)National Key R&D Program of China(No.SQ2021YFC2501702)Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82072474)Clinical Medicine Technology Project of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BE2019661).
文摘Estrogen deficiency is considered the most important cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis.However,the underlying mechanism is still not completely understood.In this study,progranulin(PGRN)was isolated as a key regulator of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women through high throughput proteomics screening.In addition,PGRN-deficient mice exhibited significantly lower bone mass than their littermates in an ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis model.Furthermore,estrogen-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption as well as its protection against ovariectomy-induced bone loss largely depended on PGRN.Mechanistic studies revealed the existence of a positive feedback regulatory loop between PGRN and estrogen signaling.In addition,loss of PGRN led to the reduction of estrogen receptorα,the important estrogen receptor involved in estrogen regulation of osteoporosis,through enhancing its degradation via K48-linked ubiquitination.These findings not only provide a previously unrecognized interplay between PGRN and estrogen signaling in regulating osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis but may also present a new therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis by targeting PGRN/estrogen receptorα.
基金funded financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62204114,62075094,62205143)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20211537).
文摘Flexible perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have drawn increasing attention due to their promising applications for wearable electronics and aerospace applications.However,the efficiency and stability of flexible PSCs still lag behind their rigid counterparts.Here,we use N,N-dimethyl acrylamide(DMAA)to in situ synthesize cross-linking polymer for flexible Sn–Pb mixed PSCs.DMAA can gather at grain boundary as a scaffold to regulate the crystallization of perovskite and reduce defects.The rigid and flexible Sn–Pb mixed PSCs showed efficiencies of 16.44%and 15.44%,respectively.In addition,the flexible Sn–Pb mixed PSCs demonstrated excellent bending durability,which retained over 80%of the original efficiency after 5000 bending cycles at a radius of 5 mm.
