Photocatalytic degradations of p-nitrochlorbenzene (p-NCB) with distilled water wereinvestigated with ZnO crystals (catalyst) of 70nm in diameter under UV irradiation.The suitable experimental conditions are determine...Photocatalytic degradations of p-nitrochlorbenzene (p-NCB) with distilled water wereinvestigated with ZnO crystals (catalyst) of 70nm in diameter under UV irradiation.The suitable experimental conditions are determined as: ZnO 0.25g, pH 7, p-NCBconcentration 30mg/L. These variables in terms of the degradation rate have beendiscussed, which was defined as the rate of the initial degradation to the final degrada-tion of p-NCB. When all of the experimental degradation rate values are plotted as afunction of irradiation time, all of the points appeared on a single line for wide range ofp-NCB degradations. On the basis of these results, it has been concluded that at lowerZnO catalyst amount, much of the light is transmitted through the slurry in the con-tainer beaker, while at higher catalyst amount, all the incident photons are observedby the slurry. Degradation rates of p-NCB were found to decrease with increasingsolution pH. It has been concluded that the maximum degradation rate values of p-NCB under principally the same experimental conditions mentioned above are 97.4%,98.8% and 95.5% at 100min respectively. The results suggest that the photocatalyticdegradation is initiated by an oxidation of the p-NCB through ZnO surface-adsorbedhydroxyl radicals. Absorption spectra are recorded using spectrophotometer before andafter UV-irradiation in the wavelength range 200-400nm at room temperature. Itis found that the variation of irradiation time over the range 20-100min resulted inchange in the form of the spectrum linear absorption and a higher maximum valuewill be obtained at longer irradiation time.展开更多
Nanometer Zn particles with mean diameters 12-100nm made by evaporating its powders in argon gas were studied mainly by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. They are collected at various distances and those fact...Nanometer Zn particles with mean diameters 12-100nm made by evaporating its powders in argon gas were studied mainly by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. They are collected at various distances and those factors influencing the mean particle size were studied. The optimal synthetic conditions were obtained, i.e., evaporation temperature is 1200℃; argon flow rate is 0.4m3/h; amount of powder charged is 3g; distance from evaporation source is 10cm. It was found that the size of particles was governed by argon flow rate, evaporation temperature, amount of metal charged and distance from the source. The size increases remarkably with distance in the space where no metal vapor exists. This implies that the crystallites grow by coalescence. Electron micrographs and diffraction patterns are reproduced to show the size, shape and state of oxidations. Nanoparticles with definite crystal habits were sometimes observed among those with irregular ones.展开更多
Nano-ZnO particle was produced by evaporating zinc powders in air at air flow-rate from 0.2 to 0.6m3/h. Nano-ZnO particles was formed by the oxidation of the evaporated zinc vapor. X-ray diffraction shows the powders ...Nano-ZnO particle was produced by evaporating zinc powders in air at air flow-rate from 0.2 to 0.6m3/h. Nano-ZnO particles was formed by the oxidation of the evaporated zinc vapor. X-ray diffraction shows the powders to be ZnO with lattice parameters of a=0.3249nm and c=0.5205nm. The particle size is dependent upon the transit time from the source to the collection area. The size of particles was ranged between 81 to 103nm. The average density resulted was 4.865g/cm3. Normal ZnO and nano-ZnO were investigated to use them in aluminum metallurgy as an inert anode material. A certain amount of both oxides were molded subsequently inserted to the molten cryolite-aluminum oxide to investigate the corrosive behavior of both oxides. When the sintering temperature increased up to 1300℃, the weight loss ratio rose to 5.01%-7.33% and up to 7.67%-10.18% for nano-ZnO and normal ZnO, respectively. However, when the samples in the molten cryolite aluminum oxide were put for long time, the corrosive rate was found to be higher. It was found that the corrosive loss weight ratio of nano-ZnO anode was much lower than the normal one made from ordinary-ZnO providing that the nano-ZnO is more possible to be use inert anode material.展开更多
文摘Photocatalytic degradations of p-nitrochlorbenzene (p-NCB) with distilled water wereinvestigated with ZnO crystals (catalyst) of 70nm in diameter under UV irradiation.The suitable experimental conditions are determined as: ZnO 0.25g, pH 7, p-NCBconcentration 30mg/L. These variables in terms of the degradation rate have beendiscussed, which was defined as the rate of the initial degradation to the final degrada-tion of p-NCB. When all of the experimental degradation rate values are plotted as afunction of irradiation time, all of the points appeared on a single line for wide range ofp-NCB degradations. On the basis of these results, it has been concluded that at lowerZnO catalyst amount, much of the light is transmitted through the slurry in the con-tainer beaker, while at higher catalyst amount, all the incident photons are observedby the slurry. Degradation rates of p-NCB were found to decrease with increasingsolution pH. It has been concluded that the maximum degradation rate values of p-NCB under principally the same experimental conditions mentioned above are 97.4%,98.8% and 95.5% at 100min respectively. The results suggest that the photocatalyticdegradation is initiated by an oxidation of the p-NCB through ZnO surface-adsorbedhydroxyl radicals. Absorption spectra are recorded using spectrophotometer before andafter UV-irradiation in the wavelength range 200-400nm at room temperature. Itis found that the variation of irradiation time over the range 20-100min resulted inchange in the form of the spectrum linear absorption and a higher maximum valuewill be obtained at longer irradiation time.
文摘Nanometer Zn particles with mean diameters 12-100nm made by evaporating its powders in argon gas were studied mainly by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. They are collected at various distances and those factors influencing the mean particle size were studied. The optimal synthetic conditions were obtained, i.e., evaporation temperature is 1200℃; argon flow rate is 0.4m3/h; amount of powder charged is 3g; distance from evaporation source is 10cm. It was found that the size of particles was governed by argon flow rate, evaporation temperature, amount of metal charged and distance from the source. The size increases remarkably with distance in the space where no metal vapor exists. This implies that the crystallites grow by coalescence. Electron micrographs and diffraction patterns are reproduced to show the size, shape and state of oxidations. Nanoparticles with definite crystal habits were sometimes observed among those with irregular ones.
文摘Nano-ZnO particle was produced by evaporating zinc powders in air at air flow-rate from 0.2 to 0.6m3/h. Nano-ZnO particles was formed by the oxidation of the evaporated zinc vapor. X-ray diffraction shows the powders to be ZnO with lattice parameters of a=0.3249nm and c=0.5205nm. The particle size is dependent upon the transit time from the source to the collection area. The size of particles was ranged between 81 to 103nm. The average density resulted was 4.865g/cm3. Normal ZnO and nano-ZnO were investigated to use them in aluminum metallurgy as an inert anode material. A certain amount of both oxides were molded subsequently inserted to the molten cryolite-aluminum oxide to investigate the corrosive behavior of both oxides. When the sintering temperature increased up to 1300℃, the weight loss ratio rose to 5.01%-7.33% and up to 7.67%-10.18% for nano-ZnO and normal ZnO, respectively. However, when the samples in the molten cryolite aluminum oxide were put for long time, the corrosive rate was found to be higher. It was found that the corrosive loss weight ratio of nano-ZnO anode was much lower than the normal one made from ordinary-ZnO providing that the nano-ZnO is more possible to be use inert anode material.
