为优化不同降水年型下春小麦高产稳产和高效利用水氮资源的管理决策方案,利用2009-2012年内蒙古自治区额尔古纳市上库力农场试验站与拉布大林农场试验站春小麦(内麦19)的试验观测资料,确定APSIM-wheat模型中小麦生长发育关键参数;基于...为优化不同降水年型下春小麦高产稳产和高效利用水氮资源的管理决策方案,利用2009-2012年内蒙古自治区额尔古纳市上库力农场试验站与拉布大林农场试验站春小麦(内麦19)的试验观测资料,确定APSIM-wheat模型中小麦生长发育关键参数;基于校准后的APSIM-wheat模型模拟分析1967-2017年雨养条件下春小麦生长发育过程,并依据降水量划分了3种降水年型(干旱、平水和湿润年型),根据土壤水分亏缺指数(soil water deficit on photosynthesis,SWD_(ef))确定最优水分管理时期;设计8个灌溉量梯度(15、30、45、60、90、120、150和180 mm)和13个施N量梯度(30、45、60、75、90、105、120、150、180、210、240、270和300 kg·hm^(-2))情景模式,结合水氮管理决策的遴选关键指标[水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)、氮肥利用效率(nitrogen use efficiency,NUE)和产量],探究不同气候年型下最优春小麦水氮管理模式。结果表明:(1)校准后的APSIM-wheat模型春小麦发育期模块(出苗期、抽穗期和成熟期)模拟值与观测值的均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)在1.17~3.64 d范围内,归一化均方根误差(normalized root mean square error,NRMSE)在0.82%~1.90%范围内;产量模块模拟值与观测值的RMSE为371.50 kg·hm^(-2),NRMSE为8.54%,说明APSIM-wheat模型可以较好地反映不同降水年型下小麦的动态生长发育过程。(2)雨养条件下春小麦分蘖期—拔节期、拔节期—抽穗期和抽穗期—开花期的SWD_(ef)较低,且在生育期内仅灌溉一次的前提下,拔节期灌溉可以减轻干旱胁迫并显著提高产量。(3)干旱、平水和湿润年型春小麦拔节期最优水氮管理模式分别为灌溉量60 mm和施氮量105 kg·hm^(-2)、灌溉量60 mm和施氮量120 kg·hm^(-2)、灌溉量30 mm和施氮量150 kg·hm^(-2),其产量分别为4810.96±551.43、5378.06±768.86和6421.33±454.09 kg·hm^(-2)。展开更多
目的:探讨医护一体化联合思维导图模式在神经外科护理教学中的应用效果。方法:选取2021.5~2023.2月在神经外科实习的143名全日制护理专业实习生作为研究对象,按照实习时间的前后顺序分为对照组(n = 68)和试验组(n = 75),对照组采用传统...目的:探讨医护一体化联合思维导图模式在神经外科护理教学中的应用效果。方法:选取2021.5~2023.2月在神经外科实习的143名全日制护理专业实习生作为研究对象,按照实习时间的前后顺序分为对照组(n = 68)和试验组(n = 75),对照组采用传统带教模式,试验组采用医护一体化联合思维导图模式进行实习护士的临床带教。比较两组学生在出科考核中理论知识、实践操作、护理教学查房、教学后自主学习能力、教学满意度方面得分,调查试验组对于新带教模式的评价。结果:试验组学生在出科考核中理论知识、实践操作、护理教学查房、教学后自主学习能力、教学满意度方面得分均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P Objective: To explore the effect of integrated medical and nursing combined with mind mapping mode in neurosurgery nursing teaching. Methods: A total of 143 full-time nursing interns who practiced in neurosurgery from May 2021 to February 2023 were selected as the research objects, and were divided into control group (n = 68) and experimental group (n = 75) in chronological order. The experimental group was taught by integrated teaching of doctors and nurses combined with mind mapping and the control group was taught by the traditional teaching method. The scores of the two groups of students in theoretical knowledge, practical operation, nursing teaching rounds, self-learning ability after teaching and teaching satisfaction were compared, and the evaluation of the experimental group on the new teaching mode was investigated. Results: After teaching, the scores of the experimental group in theoretical knowledge, practical operation, nursing teaching rounds, self-learning ability and teaching satisfaction were better than those of the control group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Totally 75 students in the experimental group were satisfied with the overall effect of the new teaching mode. Conclusion: The application of integrated medical and nursing combined with mind mapping mode in neurosurgery nursing teaching is helpful to improve students’ mastery of neurosurgery knowledge and independent learning abilities, and enhance the teaching effect and satisfaction.展开更多
以航天器交会对接过程中的平移靠拢段作为背景,研究适用于零重力和微重力环境下液体运动的等效力学模型.以欧空局无人货运飞船(ATV,automatic transfer vehicle)中建立的等效模型为参考,提出一种适用于零/微重力球形贮箱中液体晃动的弹...以航天器交会对接过程中的平移靠拢段作为背景,研究适用于零重力和微重力环境下液体运动的等效力学模型.以欧空局无人货运飞船(ATV,automatic transfer vehicle)中建立的等效模型为参考,提出一种适用于零/微重力球形贮箱中液体晃动的弹簧-质量等效力学模型.该模型的各个参数通过将基于CFD计算的参数辨识方法和用于常重力液体晃动的传统建模方法结合运用来获取.对该模型进行介绍,然后描述等效模型参数的获取方法,并利用虚功率原理推导了晃动力和力矩的求解方程.通过与CFD软件Flow-3d的结果进行对比,对这种建模方法的可行性和准确性进行了分析.展开更多
文摘为优化不同降水年型下春小麦高产稳产和高效利用水氮资源的管理决策方案,利用2009-2012年内蒙古自治区额尔古纳市上库力农场试验站与拉布大林农场试验站春小麦(内麦19)的试验观测资料,确定APSIM-wheat模型中小麦生长发育关键参数;基于校准后的APSIM-wheat模型模拟分析1967-2017年雨养条件下春小麦生长发育过程,并依据降水量划分了3种降水年型(干旱、平水和湿润年型),根据土壤水分亏缺指数(soil water deficit on photosynthesis,SWD_(ef))确定最优水分管理时期;设计8个灌溉量梯度(15、30、45、60、90、120、150和180 mm)和13个施N量梯度(30、45、60、75、90、105、120、150、180、210、240、270和300 kg·hm^(-2))情景模式,结合水氮管理决策的遴选关键指标[水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)、氮肥利用效率(nitrogen use efficiency,NUE)和产量],探究不同气候年型下最优春小麦水氮管理模式。结果表明:(1)校准后的APSIM-wheat模型春小麦发育期模块(出苗期、抽穗期和成熟期)模拟值与观测值的均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)在1.17~3.64 d范围内,归一化均方根误差(normalized root mean square error,NRMSE)在0.82%~1.90%范围内;产量模块模拟值与观测值的RMSE为371.50 kg·hm^(-2),NRMSE为8.54%,说明APSIM-wheat模型可以较好地反映不同降水年型下小麦的动态生长发育过程。(2)雨养条件下春小麦分蘖期—拔节期、拔节期—抽穗期和抽穗期—开花期的SWD_(ef)较低,且在生育期内仅灌溉一次的前提下,拔节期灌溉可以减轻干旱胁迫并显著提高产量。(3)干旱、平水和湿润年型春小麦拔节期最优水氮管理模式分别为灌溉量60 mm和施氮量105 kg·hm^(-2)、灌溉量60 mm和施氮量120 kg·hm^(-2)、灌溉量30 mm和施氮量150 kg·hm^(-2),其产量分别为4810.96±551.43、5378.06±768.86和6421.33±454.09 kg·hm^(-2)。
文摘目的:探讨医护一体化联合思维导图模式在神经外科护理教学中的应用效果。方法:选取2021.5~2023.2月在神经外科实习的143名全日制护理专业实习生作为研究对象,按照实习时间的前后顺序分为对照组(n = 68)和试验组(n = 75),对照组采用传统带教模式,试验组采用医护一体化联合思维导图模式进行实习护士的临床带教。比较两组学生在出科考核中理论知识、实践操作、护理教学查房、教学后自主学习能力、教学满意度方面得分,调查试验组对于新带教模式的评价。结果:试验组学生在出科考核中理论知识、实践操作、护理教学查房、教学后自主学习能力、教学满意度方面得分均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P Objective: To explore the effect of integrated medical and nursing combined with mind mapping mode in neurosurgery nursing teaching. Methods: A total of 143 full-time nursing interns who practiced in neurosurgery from May 2021 to February 2023 were selected as the research objects, and were divided into control group (n = 68) and experimental group (n = 75) in chronological order. The experimental group was taught by integrated teaching of doctors and nurses combined with mind mapping and the control group was taught by the traditional teaching method. The scores of the two groups of students in theoretical knowledge, practical operation, nursing teaching rounds, self-learning ability after teaching and teaching satisfaction were compared, and the evaluation of the experimental group on the new teaching mode was investigated. Results: After teaching, the scores of the experimental group in theoretical knowledge, practical operation, nursing teaching rounds, self-learning ability and teaching satisfaction were better than those of the control group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Totally 75 students in the experimental group were satisfied with the overall effect of the new teaching mode. Conclusion: The application of integrated medical and nursing combined with mind mapping mode in neurosurgery nursing teaching is helpful to improve students’ mastery of neurosurgery knowledge and independent learning abilities, and enhance the teaching effect and satisfaction.
文摘以航天器交会对接过程中的平移靠拢段作为背景,研究适用于零重力和微重力环境下液体运动的等效力学模型.以欧空局无人货运飞船(ATV,automatic transfer vehicle)中建立的等效模型为参考,提出一种适用于零/微重力球形贮箱中液体晃动的弹簧-质量等效力学模型.该模型的各个参数通过将基于CFD计算的参数辨识方法和用于常重力液体晃动的传统建模方法结合运用来获取.对该模型进行介绍,然后描述等效模型参数的获取方法,并利用虚功率原理推导了晃动力和力矩的求解方程.通过与CFD软件Flow-3d的结果进行对比,对这种建模方法的可行性和准确性进行了分析.
