针对当前生物质固体成型燃料抗结渣剂成本高、抗结渣效果差等实际问题,该研究采用凹土作为天然复合添加剂,制备了凹土添加量为0~7%的生物质固体成型燃料,并对其进行了工业分析及高位热值测定。燃烧生物质固体成型燃料获得灰样,采用高速...针对当前生物质固体成型燃料抗结渣剂成本高、抗结渣效果差等实际问题,该研究采用凹土作为天然复合添加剂,制备了凹土添加量为0~7%的生物质固体成型燃料,并对其进行了工业分析及高位热值测定。燃烧生物质固体成型燃料获得灰样,采用高速相机采集灰样宏观形貌,采用扫描电镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)对灰样微观形貌进行分析。最后借助X荧光(X-ray Fluorescence,XRF)、X射线衍射(X-ray Diffraction,XRD)对生物质灰成分进行确定,以分析凹土抗结渣机理。结果表明,凹土添加量为3%以下时,热值下降速度较小,但灰分随凹土添加量增大而增加较快。由宏观形貌和微观形貌谱图发现,凹土可以极好地提升生物质固体成型燃料抗结渣性,这主要是因为添加凹土后,凹土改变了K的迁移途径,生成了更多KAlSiO_(4)、KAlSi_(2)O_(6)、Ca_(2)Mg(Si_(2)O_(7))等高熔点的复盐。该研究可为解决生物质固体成型燃料行业缺乏高效低成本抗结渣剂问题提供良好解决方案。展开更多
该研究采用多年冻土场地桩基桥梁数值模型和高斯过程替代模型进行多年冻土场地桩基桥梁地震响应不确定性量化分析。首先,利用试验设计方法构建多年冻土场地桩基桥梁高斯过程替代模型的训练样本,生成结构体系输入参数的最大数量采样点;...该研究采用多年冻土场地桩基桥梁数值模型和高斯过程替代模型进行多年冻土场地桩基桥梁地震响应不确定性量化分析。首先,利用试验设计方法构建多年冻土场地桩基桥梁高斯过程替代模型的训练样本,生成结构体系输入参数的最大数量采样点;针对采样点,利用建立的桩基桥梁有限元数值模型进行非线性地震响应分析,使用高斯过程替代模型模拟多年冻土场地桩基桥梁输入和输出关系,进而执行桩基桥梁的不确定性量化。基于统计变量和变异参数(coefficient of variation, COV)评估多年冻土场地桩基桥梁地震响应的不确定性。研究结果表明:(1)当桥梁结构参数随着变异参数由5%增加为30%时,桥梁结构的时程响应随之而增加,桥梁结构输入参数的变异性对多年冻土场地桩基桥梁的地震响应影响显著;(2)随着桥梁结构体系输入参数变异性增加,相应的地震响应的变异性随之增加,桥梁结构体系输入参数变异性增加直接影响地震响应变异参数的变化。该研究中所述多年冻土场地桩基桥梁地震响应不确定性量化分析可为同类构筑物的模拟提供分析方法和思路。展开更多
Since the difficulty in preparing the equal superposition state of amplitude is 1/√N, we construct a quantile transform of quantum Fourier transform （QFT） over ZN based on the elementary transforms, such as Hadamar...Since the difficulty in preparing the equal superposition state of amplitude is 1/√N, we construct a quantile transform of quantum Fourier transform （QFT） over ZN based on the elementary transforms, such as Hadamard transform and Pauli transform. The QFT over Z_N can then be realized by the quantile transform, and used to further design its quantum circuit and analyze the requirements for the quantum register and quantum gates. However, the transform needs considerable quantum computational resources and it is difficult to construct a high-dimensional quantum register. Hence, we investigate the design of t-bit quantile transform, and introduce the definition of t-bit semiclassical QFT over Z_N. According to probability amplitude, we prove that the transform can be used to realize QFT over ZN and further design its quantum circuit. For this transform, the requirements for the quantum register, the one-qubit gate, and two-qubit gate reduce obviously when compared with those for the QFT over Z_N.展开更多
文摘针对当前生物质固体成型燃料抗结渣剂成本高、抗结渣效果差等实际问题,该研究采用凹土作为天然复合添加剂,制备了凹土添加量为0~7%的生物质固体成型燃料,并对其进行了工业分析及高位热值测定。燃烧生物质固体成型燃料获得灰样,采用高速相机采集灰样宏观形貌,采用扫描电镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)对灰样微观形貌进行分析。最后借助X荧光(X-ray Fluorescence,XRF)、X射线衍射(X-ray Diffraction,XRD)对生物质灰成分进行确定,以分析凹土抗结渣机理。结果表明,凹土添加量为3%以下时,热值下降速度较小,但灰分随凹土添加量增大而增加较快。由宏观形貌和微观形貌谱图发现,凹土可以极好地提升生物质固体成型燃料抗结渣性,这主要是因为添加凹土后,凹土改变了K的迁移途径,生成了更多KAlSiO_(4)、KAlSi_(2)O_(6)、Ca_(2)Mg(Si_(2)O_(7))等高熔点的复盐。该研究可为解决生物质固体成型燃料行业缺乏高效低成本抗结渣剂问题提供良好解决方案。
文摘该研究采用多年冻土场地桩基桥梁数值模型和高斯过程替代模型进行多年冻土场地桩基桥梁地震响应不确定性量化分析。首先,利用试验设计方法构建多年冻土场地桩基桥梁高斯过程替代模型的训练样本,生成结构体系输入参数的最大数量采样点;针对采样点,利用建立的桩基桥梁有限元数值模型进行非线性地震响应分析,使用高斯过程替代模型模拟多年冻土场地桩基桥梁输入和输出关系,进而执行桩基桥梁的不确定性量化。基于统计变量和变异参数(coefficient of variation, COV)评估多年冻土场地桩基桥梁地震响应的不确定性。研究结果表明:(1)当桥梁结构参数随着变异参数由5%增加为30%时,桥梁结构的时程响应随之而增加,桥梁结构输入参数的变异性对多年冻土场地桩基桥梁的地震响应影响显著;(2)随着桥梁结构体系输入参数变异性增加,相应的地震响应的变异性随之增加,桥梁结构体系输入参数变异性增加直接影响地震响应变异参数的变化。该研究中所述多年冻土场地桩基桥梁地震响应不确定性量化分析可为同类构筑物的模拟提供分析方法和思路。
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2013CB338002)
文摘Since the difficulty in preparing the equal superposition state of amplitude is 1/√N, we construct a quantile transform of quantum Fourier transform （QFT） over ZN based on the elementary transforms, such as Hadamard transform and Pauli transform. The QFT over Z_N can then be realized by the quantile transform, and used to further design its quantum circuit and analyze the requirements for the quantum register and quantum gates. However, the transform needs considerable quantum computational resources and it is difficult to construct a high-dimensional quantum register. Hence, we investigate the design of t-bit quantile transform, and introduce the definition of t-bit semiclassical QFT over Z_N. According to probability amplitude, we prove that the transform can be used to realize QFT over ZN and further design its quantum circuit. For this transform, the requirements for the quantum register, the one-qubit gate, and two-qubit gate reduce obviously when compared with those for the QFT over Z_N.
