摘要
压电振动传感器与其他振动传感技术相比具有频率范围宽、动态范围大、结构简单、工作可靠、体积小等优点,在核电行业、航空航天、轨道交通及国防军工等多个领域有着广泛的应用.然而,随着振动测试技术的飞速发展以及应用领域的不断拓宽,对压电振动传感器在极端环境中长时服役的可靠性提出了更高要求,如何提高压电振动传感器的服役温度满足极端环境下的应用需求是目前迫切解决的问题.本文综述了高温压电传感技术应用场景和工作原理,讨论了常见的高温压电陶瓷和晶体材料,系统地总结了现有的压电振动传感器工作模式、不同类型压电振动传感器结构及传感器振动校准装置,重点介绍了近年来国内外高温振动传感器的研究进展.在此基础上,探讨了高温压电振动传感器当前面临的问题及未来发展趋势,为开发下一代极端环境应用的超高温振动传感器提供了思路,有望促进国内高温压电振动传感技术的进一步研究.
Vibration sensor technology,especially piezoelectric vibration sensor,has been widely applied in various fields.This type of sensor has excellent dynamic response,linearity,wide bandwidth,high sensitivity,large temperature range,simple structure,and stable performance,so it can be applied in many cases such as nuclear power,aerospace,rail transportation,and defense industries.However,most of piezoelectric vibration sensors are limited to operating temperatures below 500℃,which restricts their applications in extreme hightemperature environments encountered in nuclear reactors,aircraft engines,missile systems,and internal combustion engines.How to improve the operating temperature of piezoelectric vibration sensors to meet their application requirements in extreme environments is an urgent problem that needs to be solved.High-temperature piezoelectric materials,as the core components of piezoelectric vibration sensors,play a decisive role in determining the overall performance of the sensor.Common high-temperature piezoelectric materials include piezoelectric ceramics and single crystals.To ensure stable operation and excellent sensitivity in extreme environments,it is essential to select piezoelectric materials with high Curie temperature,high piezoelectric coefficient,high resistivity,and low dielectric loss as the sensing elements of the sensor.There are usually three main types of piezoelectric vibration sensors:bending,compression,and shear.In addition to selecting the suitable piezoelectric material,it is also crucial to choose the optimal sensor structure suitable to the specific application scenarios.In view of the urgent demand for ultrahigh-temperature vibration sensors,this paper mainly reviews the current research progress of high-temperature piezoelectric materials and high-temperature piezoelectric vibration sensors,summarizes the structures,advantages and disadvantages,and application scenarios of different types of high-temperature piezoelectric vibration sensors,explores the current problems and future development trends of high-temperature piezoelectric vibration sensors,and provides ideas for developing the next-generation ultrahigh temperature vibration sensors for extreme environmental applications,which is expected to promote the further development of high-temperature piezoelectric vibration sensing technology.
作者
余慧芬
祁核
涂小牛
张海波
陈大力
吴捷
陈骏
YU Huifen;QI He;TU Xiaoniu;ZHANG Haibo;CHEN Dali;WU Jie;CHEN Jun(Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Shanghai Institute of Ceramics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201899,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China;Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research Institute,Aero Engine Corporation of China,Zhuzhou 412002,China;Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)
出处
《物理学报》
2025年第2期1-30,共30页
Acta Physica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划(批准号:2022YFB3204000)资助的课题.
关键词
振动传感器
高温压电材料
振动模式
振动校准装置
vibration sensors
high-temperature piezoelectric materials
vibration modes
vibration calibration devices
