摘要
目的调查新疆某大型钢铁厂噪声作业女工职业健康与生理健康状况。方法于2014年10月—2015年9月期间开展现场监测,测定钢铁厂内作业场所中的噪声强度,以接触噪声女工372名作为观察组,同时选取222名不接触噪声作业女职工作为对照组进行职业健康检查和生殖健康调查。结果暴露于噪声环境下的女工其高血压、听力异常和月经异常的发生率均高于对照组(17.47%vs 5.86%;27.96%vs 7.66%;40.86%vs 26.58%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析显示,接触噪声女工随着噪声暴露量的增加,血压、听力损失和月经异常的检出率均增高;随着接噪工龄的延长,血压和听力损失的检出率增高;未采取有效防护措施者血压、听力损失和月经异常的检出率明显高于采取有效防护措施者。Logistic回归分析结果表明,无个体防护和累积噪声暴露量超过105 d B是导致高血压的危险因素;无个体防护、接触噪声工龄在10 a以上和累积噪声暴露量在95 d B以上是导致听力损失的危险因素;无个体防护和接触噪声工龄在10 a以上是导致月经异常的危险因素。结论新疆某大型钢铁厂接触噪声女工高血压、听力损失和月经异常检出率较高,应加强个体防护。
[Objective]To investigate and analyze the occupational health and physiological health of female workers exposed to noise in a large steel enterprise of Xinjiang. [Methods] The on-site monitoring was carried out from the October 2014 to September 2015,to determine the noise intensity in workplace of the steel enterprise. 372 noise-exposed female workers were enrolled in the observation group and 222 female workers who were not exposed to the noise were recruited in the control group,and two groups received the occupational health examination and reproductive health survey. [Results]The incidence rates of hypertension,hearing loss and abnormal menstruation in the observation group were higher than those in the control group（17.47% vs 5.86%,27.96% vs 7.66%,40.86% vs 26.58%）,and the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）. The univariate analysis showed that the detection rates of hypertension,hearing loss and abnormal menstruation increased with increasing amount of noise exposure in noise-exposed female workers,the detection rates of hypertension and hearing loss increased with increasing duration of noise exposure,and the detection rates of hypertension, hearing loss and abnormal menstruation in workers without effective protective measures were significantly higher than those in workers with effective protective measures. Logistic egression analysis results showed that lack of individual protection and cumulative noise exposure more than 105 d B were the risk factors for hypertension,lack of individual protection,duration of noise exposure longer than ten years and cumulative noise exposure more than 95 d B were the risk factors for hearing damage,and lack of individual protection and duration of noise exposure longer than ten years were the risk factors for abnormal menstruation.[Conclusion]The detection rates of hypertension,hearing loss and abnormal menstruation are high among female workers exposed to noise in a large steel enterprise of Xinjiang,and the individual protection should be strengthened.
作者
周旭
刘继文
ZHOU Xu LIU Ji-wen(Public Health School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi Xinjiang, 830011, China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2017年第1期15-18,22,共5页
Occupation and Health
关键词
钢铁厂
噪声
女工
职业健康
生殖健康
Steel enterprise
Noise
Female workers
Occupational health
Reproductive health
