摘要
目的发现和控制可能影响农村学校师生健康安全的饮水危害因素,预防和控制介水性传染病在农村学校发生和流行。方法通过构建农村学校饮用水水质风险评估与应急管理体系,对存在的健康危害因素进行风险控制与应急管理,并对取得的效果进行评价。结果农村学校饮水水质的高风险指标仅见于微生物指标,实施相应风险控制与应急管理后的2006-2010年,100所农村学校经饮水传播肠道传染病平均发病率(0.56‰)显著低于实施前(3.56‰);全自治区农村学校发生肠道传染病疫情起数年平均发生率为0.620‰,平均发病率8.645/10万,明显低于2005年(实施干预前)1.169‰的发生率,以及18.973/10万的发病率水平。2006-2010年,广西农村学校肠道传染病疫情的发生率和发病率均呈现出下降的趋势(P<0.01)。结论建立饮用水风险评估与应急管理体系对预防和控制介水性传染病在农村学校的发生和流行有重要作用。
Objective To find out and control the risk factors of drinking water and to set up an emergency managing system for monitoring the water quality for rural school teachers and students in order to prevent and control the epidemics of water-borne infectious diseases in those schools in Guangxi.Methods Both risk assessment system and emergency managing system on water supply in rural schools are established by building water quality risk monitoring and managing network,from which those healthy risk factors could be under control and more effects were further evaluated.Results Drinking water quality risk monitoring network has been established and the sanitary status of water has been significantly improved.The results revealed that microbial safety was the only high risk factor of drinking water.After the intervention of appropriate risk control and emergency management in rural schools of the autonomous region from 2006 to 2010,the average morbidity of the enteric infectious diseases had greatly decreased from 1.2‰ to 0.620‰ with the average incidence from 18.97/10,000 population to 8.645.The differences were significant（P0.01）.Conclusions Risk assessment and emergency managing system establishment on rural school drinking water quality are critical for preventing and controlling water-borne infectious diseases.
出处
《中国预防医学杂志》
CAS
2012年第5期334-338,共5页
Chinese Preventive Medicine
基金
广西壮族自治区卫生厅计划课题资助项目(Z2007025)
关键词
水
农村
学校
风险评估
应急管理
Drinking water
Rural schools
Risk assessment
Emergency management
